Browse the evidence

This article provides clinical tools for the assessment and management of obesity.

Gastroenterologists can utilize these tools to better manage obesity.

Consuming carbohydrates with a low glycemic index (GI) may aid in weight reduction and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Practitioners may consider recommending low-GI carbohydrate sources for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Participation in a 3-month alpine skiing training program improved cardio-metabolic risk factors in older adults.

Short-term exercise programs can lead to improvements in metabolic health in older adults.

Maintaining or increasing physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) can improve prognosis independent of BMI and changes in body weight.

Encouraging physical activity and improving CRF should be a priority in managing patients with cardiovascular disease.

A model to prescribe exercise dose that considers various cardiovascular risk factors can improve individual outcomes from cardiac rehabilitation.

Practitioners should consider a comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular risk factors when prescribing exercise in cardiac rehabilitation.

Management of diabetic nephropathy requires a comprehensive treatment approach including lifestyle optimization and medication.

A multifaceted treatment plan is essential for managing diabetic nephropathy in T2D patients.

Behavioral interventions improve glycemic control in African American adults with type II diabetes.

Practitioners should consider implementing behavioral interventions to enhance glycemic control in this population.

Patients can fully compensate for amino acid removal by ingesting ample protein during hemodialysis.

Encourage protein intake during hemodialysis to mitigate malnutrition.

Participants with high baseline HbA1c (≥9%) experienced a significant reduction in HbA1c levels by 2.28 points after 12 weeks of digital health coaching.

High-risk patients may benefit significantly from digital health coaching in managing their diabetes.

Participants across all HbA1c cohorts showed a significant improvement in BMI, with an overall reduction of 0.82.

Digital health coaching may aid in weight management for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Tirzepatide significantly increased fat oxidation while decreasing carbohydrate and protein oxidation rates.

Practitioners may leverage TZP's effects on fat oxidation to optimize weight loss protocols.

The SASI group had a total weight loss of 37.0% compared to 29.7% in the SG group at 12 months after surgery.

Practitioners may consider SASI for enhanced weight loss in severely obese patients.

The SASI group achieved a lower BMI of 23.4 ± 2.6 kg/m² compared to 24.6 ± 2.9 kg/m² in the SG group at 12 months.

Lower BMI in the SASI group suggests it may be more effective for weight management.

The 12-month difference in VAT loss between diets attenuated to 5.5 cm².

Long-term adherence to dietary interventions may yield diminishing returns in VAT loss.

Phentermine/topiramate ER treatment improved glucose regulation, lipid profiles, and decreased blood pressure.

The treatment may enhance metabolic health in obese patients.

The intervention resulted in greater decreases in fasting total cholesterol (−13.2±25.0 mg/dl) compared to control (−2.4±24.2 mg/dl, p=0.0423).

Implementing dietary changes in worksite programs can improve cholesterol levels.

Weight gain during adulthood was associated with significantly increased risk of major chronic diseases.

Practitioners should counsel patients on the risks associated with weight gain throughout adulthood.

Weight gain is linked to increased incidence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Monitoring weight gain may be essential for preventing chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension.

Obesity was associated with an increased risk of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) among women, with a multivariable relative risk (RR) of 1.93 for obese women (BMI ≥30.0).

Practitioners should consider obesity as a significant risk factor for early-onset CRC in women.

Weight gain since 18 years of age is associated with an increased risk of early-onset CRC, with a RR of 2.15 for women gaining 40.0 kg or more.

Monitoring weight gain in young women may help in early CRC risk assessment.

Prediabetes is associated with increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular events, and mortality.

Healthcare providers should monitor and manage prediabetes to reduce risks of diabetes and cardiovascular events.

Metformin decreased the risk of diabetes among individuals with prediabetes by 3.2 cases per 100 person-years during 3 years.

Metformin can be an effective option for certain individuals at risk of diabetes.

Obesity contributes to poor health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and over 2.8 million deaths each year.

Healthcare providers should prioritize obesity management to improve health outcomes.

People living with overweight/obesity are at greater risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Clinicians should assess cardiovascular risk in patients with obesity.