Browse the evidence

Alanine aminotransferase levels decreased with GLP-1RA and combination therapy.

Practitioners may consider monitoring liver enzyme levels when prescribing GLP-1RAs and combination therapy.

Blood pressure decreased by approximately 5 mm Hg after the carbohydrate-restricted diet.

A carbohydrate-restricted diet may help lower blood pressure in firefighters.

Four nights of sleep restriction reduced low-dose insulin glucose infusion rate (GIR) by 20% and high-dose insulin GIR by 12% in postmenopausal women.

Practitioners should consider the impact of sleep restriction on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women.

Youth with type 1 diabetes who achieved 4 goals had a higher insulin sensitivity (7.4 ± 4.1 mg/kg/min) compared to those who met 0-3 goals (5.2 ± 3.4 mg/kg/min, P = .04).

Practitioners should encourage adolescents with type 1 diabetes to meet ADA/ISPAD goals to improve insulin sensitivity.

Youth who achieved 5-6 goals had a higher insulin sensitivity (8.5 ± 4.3 mg/kg/min) compared to those who met 0-3 goals (5.2 ± 3.4 mg/kg/min, P = .003).

Practitioners should encourage adolescents with type 1 diabetes to meet ADA/ISPAD goals to improve insulin sensitivity.

The metabolic changes induced by GLP-1 agonists can impact adipose and muscle tissue, leading to changes in facial contour and overall appearance.

Understanding these metabolic changes can help practitioners manage patient expectations regarding facial aesthetics.

Improvements in triglycerides were completely sustained at 42 months.

Sustained improvements in triglycerides suggest effective long-term health benefits from the intervention.

Extreme intakes of macronutrients may be associated with health risks.

Practitioners should advise moderation in macronutrient intake to avoid potential health risks.

There is variability in the adaptive response to exercise by sex, genetics, and environment.

Personalized exercise programs may be necessary to account for individual variability.

Individuals with obesity are at greater risk for developing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and cardiovascular diseases.

Healthcare providers should monitor metabolic health in patients with obesity.

Total load lifted was significantly lower for the 30 seconds rest interval compared with 60 seconds and 120 seconds.

Shorter rest intervals (30 seconds) may hinder total load lifted during resistance training.

Lifestyle modification alone is often insufficient to achieve clinically meaningful weight loss.

Clinicians should consider pharmacotherapy in conjunction with lifestyle changes for effective weight management.

Bariatric surgery offers glycemic improvements and potential remission of early onset diabetes, but weight loss results are lower in patients with diabetes compared to those without.

Practitioners should be aware that while bariatric surgery can improve glycemic control, the weight loss outcomes may not be as significant for patients with diabetes.

25% of respondents reported medication cost savings averaging $288 per month due to reduced medication usage.

Practitioners may inform patients about potential cost savings from reduced medication needs.

High overall or unhealthful low-fat diet (LFD) scores are associated with increased likelihood of steatosis (OR = 1.65 for overall LFD, OR = 1.41 for unhealthful LFD).

Avoiding high scores in unhealthful low-fat diets may reduce the risk of hepatic steatosis.

Using LNCSBs as a substitute for SSBs was associated with small improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors without evidence of harm.

Practitioners can consider LNCSBs as a safe alternative to SSBs for improving health outcomes.

Protein interacts with carbohydrates, fats, and dietary energy density to influence calorie intake and metabolic physiology.

Understanding protein's role can help in designing effective dietary interventions.

Older patients were 3% more likely to have weight loss (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.05).

Practitioners should consider age as a factor when assessing weight loss potential in T2D patients.

The animal-based, ketogenic diet led to increased blood ketones of ~3 mM, which is thought to suppress appetite.

Practitioners may consider the appetite-suppressing effects of ketogenic diets due to increased ketone levels.

Some people with HIV treated with antiretroviral therapy gain unhealthy amounts of weight and develop consequences of obesity.

Healthcare providers should monitor weight changes in PWH on ART.

Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was significantly reduced at 12 months but not at 24 months.

Monitoring HbA1c levels can help assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions in T2DM.

Blood lactate levels are slightly higher with longer rest intervals.

Higher blood lactate levels with longer rest may indicate increased metabolic stress during training.

Weight loss induced by a low-calorie diet resulted in an increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in both women and men by 12 nmol/L and 13 nmol/L respectively.

Weight loss through a low-calorie diet can improve vitamin D levels in individuals with obesity.

Further weight loss during the intervention had an additional beneficial impact on serum 25(OH)D in women.

Encouraging further weight loss in women may enhance vitamin D status.