Browse the evidence

Owning a dog did not result in improved glycaemic or body weight control in either T1D or T2D patients.

Physical activity from dog ownership alone may not suffice for effective diabetes management.

MetFlex to fat showed no correlation to MetFlex measured during the clamp.

Different methods may yield different insights into metabolic flexibility.

Obesity has been associated with improved prognosis in patients with established cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Clinicians should consider the potential for improved prognosis in obese patients with established CVD when making treatment decisions.

Weight loss in patients with cardiovascular diseases is often associated with increased mortality.

Clinicians should be cautious about recommending weight loss in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Obesity is now considered a protective factor in risk assessment models for heart failure.

Risk assessment for heart failure should incorporate obesity as a potential protective factor.

Resistance exercise appears effective in reducing Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with type 2 diabetes.

Incorporating resistance exercise may help lower HbA1c levels in diabetic patients.

For each one percent reduction in body weight at eight weeks, there was a 112.6 μmoL/l increase in fasting beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations.

Weight loss is associated with increased ketone production, which may aid in understanding dietary interventions.

Combined moderate sodium intake (3-5 g/day) with high potassium intake (>3.5 g/day) is associated with the lowest risk of mortality and cardiovascular events.

Practitioners should consider promoting moderate sodium and high potassium intake for better cardiovascular health.

Higher potassium excretion attenuated the increased cardiovascular risk associated with high sodium excretion.

Encouraging higher potassium intake may help mitigate risks from high sodium consumption.

Higher diet quality is inversely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a dose-dependent manner.

Encouraging higher diet quality may help reduce the risk of NAFLD.

Higher diet quality is associated with a reduction in risk of all-cause mortality.

Improving diet quality may lower the risk of premature death.

Higher diet quality is associated with a lower risk for cancer-related mortality in the total population and among those without NAFLD.

Encouraging a high-quality diet may help reduce cancer mortality risk.

Exercise may improve glycemic control.

Incorporating specific types of exercise can be beneficial for managing blood sugar levels.

Higher low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a 20% increased risk observed when comparing the highest quintile (38% energy from carbohydrates) to the lowest quintile (55% energy from carbohydrates).

Practitioners should be cautious when recommending low carbohydrate diets, as they may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, particularly in individuals with higher body weight.

The association between low carbohydrate diet score and diabetes risk is largely explained by obesity, with BMI mediating 76% of the association.

Understanding the role of BMI in the relationship between low carbohydrate diets and diabetes risk can help tailor dietary recommendations.

Higher intake of predominantly high glycaemic carbohydrates was associated with higher CHD risk (HRQ4 v. Q1 2·10, 95 % CI 1·22, 3·63, Ptrend = 0·003).

Practitioners should be cautious about recommending high glycaemic carbohydrate diets due to potential CHD risk.

Lower intake of SFA, specifically from cheese, was associated with higher CHD risk (HRQ4 v. Q1 0·44, 95 % CI 0·24, 0·83, Ptrend = 0·006).

Practitioners should consider the source of SFA, particularly cheese, when advising on dietary fat intake.

Substituting carbohydrates with total fat, but not SFA, was associated with significantly lower risk of CHD (HR 0·75, 95 % CI 0·62, 0·90).

Practitioners may consider recommending fat sources over carbohydrates to lower CHD risk.

After 6 months of semaglutide treatment, participants showed significant reductions in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) by 48%, body mass index (BMI), and preperitoneal and superficial fat.

Semaglutide may be an effective treatment for improving psoriasis severity in obese patients.

Higher intake of white rice (≥450g/d compared with <150g/d) is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03-1.41, p for trend=0.003).

Practitioners should consider the potential increased diabetes risk associated with high white rice consumption in dietary recommendations.

The highest risk of diabetes associated with white rice intake was observed in South Asia (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.17-2.34, p for trend=0.02).

Healthcare providers should be aware of the heightened risk of diabetes in South Asian populations related to white rice consumption.

Lifestyle modifications remain the primary approach to managing MASLD, but their effectiveness is often limited.

Practitioners should be aware of the limitations of lifestyle modifications in MASLD management.

A higher proportion of carbohydrate intake is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes.

Practitioners should consider the carbohydrate intake levels of patients with type 2 diabetes when assessing cardiovascular risk.

The mean total low-carbohydrate diet score and animal low-carbohydrate diet score are inversely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.

Encouraging low-carbohydrate dietary patterns may benefit patients with type 2 diabetes in reducing cardiovascular risk.