Browse the evidence

Obesity is associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF), with a 63% increase in men and a 69% increase in women compared to those with normal BMI.

Practitioners should be aware of the significant risk of heart failure in obese patients, regardless of metabolic health.

Relative preservation of fat-free mass, muscle strength, and resting metabolic rate was observed in one dietary context.

Choosing the right dietary context may help preserve muscle and metabolic health during weight loss.

Discontinuation of GLP-1 receptor agonists is associated with substantial weight regain of 60%-90% within one year.

Clinicians should anticipate significant weight regain in patients discontinuing GLP-1RA therapy.

Placebo-adjusted weight loss was significantly lower in T2D versus obesity trials (pooled ratio: 0.61, 95% C.I. 0.56; 0.67).

Clinicians should consider that patients with T2D may experience less weight loss from incretin therapies compared to those with obesity alone.

Study-level diabetes status, age, BMI, sex distribution, ethnicity, and cardiometabolic comorbidities significantly correlated with BW loss at univariate analysis.

Understanding these correlates can help tailor weight loss strategies in clinical practice.

GLP-1RA therapy was associated with significant weight, glycemic, and renal benefits that were attenuated in Black adults.

It is important for practitioners to recognize that GLP-1RA therapy may have varying effectiveness across different racial groups.

Incretin-based therapies such as GLP-1 RA improve symptoms, exercise capacity, congestion, and reduce heart failure events in obesity-related HFpEF.

Practitioners may consider incretin-based therapies as a treatment option for improving outcomes in patients with obesity-related HFpEF.

Incretin-based therapies lead to reduced ectopic fat depositions in multiple organs and favourable cardiac remodelling.

Incretin-based therapies may be effective in reducing harmful fat deposits and improving heart structure in affected patients.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) achieves superior comorbidity remission compared to intensive medical therapy.

MBS should be considered as a primary treatment option for patients with severe obesity and related comorbidities.

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass provides superior long-term remission of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease compared to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Surgeons should consider Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for patients with specific comorbidities.

KN069 led to significant metabolic improvements including lower fasting glucose and triglycerides.

KN069 may improve metabolic health markers in this population.

GLP-1 RAs demonstrate multisystemic benefits including cardiovascular risk reduction and improved renal outcomes.

Incorporating GLP-1 RAs in treatment plans may enhance overall patient health beyond weight loss.

Retatrutide achieves an 82.4% relative reduction in hepatic fat and normalizes liver fat in 86% of patients.

Retatrutide may be beneficial for patients with fatty liver disease.

Both protein and placebo groups showed improvements in most cardiorespiratory fitness-related and physical performance measures.

Both protein and carbohydrate supplementation can lead to improvements in physical performance for stroke patients undergoing aerobic training.

Most metabolite shifts occurred during the dietary intervention phase, with minimal additional changes after resistance training.

Emphasizing dietary changes may yield more immediate metabolic benefits than resistance training alone.

A high-protein diet, alone or combined with resistance training, induces modest but measurable metabolic shifts without disrupting global metabolic homeostasis.

Older adults can safely increase protein intake without adverse metabolic effects, especially when combined with exercise.

Lebensstilinterventionen sind essenziell, während medikamentöse und operative Ansätze Potenzial zur Reduktion kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse zeigen.

Practitioners should implement lifestyle changes while considering pharmacological and surgical options for patients.

GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce central adiposity, SBP, DBP, and insulin resistance.

Practitioners should consider GLP-1 receptor agonists for improving metabolic health in this population.

Insulin resistance leads to a metabolic profile that is strongly atherogenic, accelerating atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.

Understanding the atherogenic effects of insulin resistance can guide cardiovascular risk management.

Clamp-derived insulin sensitivity increased by 50% in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and HOMA-IR decreased by 26% in both studies.

Improvements in insulin sensitivity are achievable through lifestyle interventions, regardless of body composition changes.

Metabolic health, rather than obesity, is a key predictor of adverse events in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) prevention.

Practitioners should prioritize assessing metabolic health over BMI in cardiovascular risk evaluations.

MetFlex to fat displayed satisfactory test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70) for several outcomes.

This method can reliably assess metabolic flexibility to high-fat meals in healthy individuals.

Overnight changes in substrate oxidation following a high-fat dinner meal represent a unique aspect of MetFlex.

Practitioners should consider overnight metabolic responses when assessing dietary impacts.

Postprandial plasma lipids and lipoproteins were examined after a 2-week low-carbohydrate diet compared to a 2-week low-fat diet.

This study provides insights into how different dietary approaches may affect lipid and lipoprotein levels post-meal.