Browse the evidence

The lack of effect on appetite is not surprising given the lack of difference in glycemic response.

Understanding the relationship between glycemic response and appetite can inform dietary recommendations.

Probability of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD) differed by type 2 diabetes (T2D) subgroup.

Healthcare providers should consider T2D subgroup characteristics when assessing cognitive health risks.

The highest probability of MCI/PD was found in the T2D subgroup characterized by severe obesity.

Focus on weight management strategies in T2D patients to mitigate cognitive decline risks.

Performance of the Roman Chair Back Extension may increase the risk for low back pain among certain population subgroups.

Practitioners should assess individual risk factors before recommending this exercise.

The incidence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) differs by type 2 diabetes (T2D) subgroup.

Healthcare providers should consider T2D subgroups when assessing PN risk.

The neuroanatomical correlates of hunger in lean individuals include a complex network of brain regions such as the hypothalamus, thalamus, and several limbic/paralimbic areas.

Understanding the brain regions involved in hunger can help in developing targeted interventions for eating behavior.

The neuroanatomical correlates of hunger in lean individuals include a complex network of brain regions such as the hypothalamus, thalamus, and several limbic/paralimbic areas.

Understanding the brain regions involved in hunger can help in developing targeted interventions for eating behavior.

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a major role in the maintenance of homeostasis and is important in the control of the cardiovascular system and metabolic processes.

Understanding the role of the SNS can help in developing strategies for managing obesity.

No consistent pattern of verbal memory, visual retention/memory, or attention/concentration deficits emerged during the trial.

Practitioners can conclude that calorie restriction does not lead to cognitive deficits in the areas tested.

GLP1-RA treatment is not associated with a significant difference in risk of serious psychiatric adverse events compared with placebo (log[RR] = -0.02; P = .87).

GLP1-RAs can be considered safe regarding serious psychiatric events in this population.

Hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis are present in children and adults with obesity.

Practitioners should consider hypothalamic inflammation as a factor in obesity management.

Recruiting adolescents for dietary intervention studies poses challenges.

Researchers should consider recruitment strategies tailored for adolescents in dietary studies.

Federal and corporate policies have contributed to an unhealthy environment.

Awareness of policy impacts can guide healthier choices and advocacy.

Testosterone replacement therapy (TR) did not increase aggression in adult male patients with Prader-Willi syndrome.

TR may be safely administered without concerns for increased aggression in this population.

Patients prescribed semaglutide or tirzepatide had an increased risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) with a hazard ratio of 1.76.

Clinicians should monitor patients on semaglutide or tirzepatide for signs of NAION.

Patients prescribed semaglutide or tirzepatide had an increased risk of other optic nerve disorders with a hazard ratio of 1.65.

Clinicians should be aware of the risk of other optic nerve disorders in patients on semaglutide or tirzepatide.

Continuous positive airway pressure therapy is the most widely prescribed treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.

Clinicians should consider CPAP as a first-line treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Understanding the pathophysiological traits of OSA in each patient is crucial for effective treatment.

Practitioners should assess individual pathophysiological traits to tailor OSA treatments.

Nose-to-brain (N2B) pathways can address limitations of the subcutaneous route for GLP-1 RAs.

Practitioners should explore N2B pathways as a viable alternative for delivering GLP-1 RAs.

There is no significant change in resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) after the semaglutide intervention compared to the placebo group in the investigated regions of interest (ROIs).

Practitioners can consider that semaglutide does not significantly alter RSFC related to suicidal ideation and behavior in this population.

The change in RSFC between visits did not differ significantly between the groups.

This indicates that semaglutide does not lead to significant changes in RSFC over the study period compared to placebo.

OXT/GLP-1 co-administration increases c-Fos expression in the PVN and supraoptic nucleus.

Increased neuronal activation in specific brain regions may underlie the effects on food intake and body weight.

Amylin and salmon calcitonin target distinct neurons in various brain regions.

Insights into neural targeting can inform obesity treatment strategies.

Calorie restriction (CR) does not have a consistent main effect on cognitive function over a 2-year period.

Practitioners can consider that CR may not negatively impact cognitive function in healthy adults.