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Bariatric surgery resulted in an overall 25.8% weight reduction, outperforming lifestyle and pharmacotherapy interventions.

Bariatric surgery may be the most effective intervention for significant weight loss in obese individuals.

GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual receptor agonists effectively counteract hyperglycemia and obesity.

These medications may be prioritized in treatment plans for T2D patients with obesity.

Higher carbohydrate intake is associated with an increased risk of stroke (HR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.27).

Higher carbohydrate consumption may elevate stroke risk, warranting dietary adjustments.

Training resulted in a 25% decrease in mean glucose Ra during exercise from 43.0 to 34.4 mumol.kg-1.min-1 (P < 0.01).

Short-term training can significantly reduce blood glucose utilization during exercise.

Unimolecular GLP-1/GCG dual agonist and GLP-1/GIP/GCG triple agonist may offer superior weight loss efficacy over GLP-1 agonist.

Practitioners should consider these new agonists for potentially better weight loss outcomes.

A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset Chronic Kidney Disease.

Monitoring BMI can be crucial for preventing Chronic Kidney Disease.

Obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis and kidney cancer.

Addressing obesity may reduce the risk of kidney stones and cancer.

Food is Medicine (FIM) interventions link food security, nutrition security, health, and health equity integrated into health care delivery.

Practitioners should consider integrating FIM interventions into health care to address food and nutrition security.

The rate of hospitalisations for stable angina pectoris (SAP) was lower by two-thirds after bariatric surgery in obese adults.

Bariatric surgery may significantly reduce hospitalisation rates for SAP in obese patients.

Individuals who maintain body weight over time typically have a high level of physical activity and minimal changes in body composition.

Promoting physical activity and monitoring body composition can be key strategies for clients aiming to maintain their weight.

A-mode ultrasound (US) can provide a similar degree of accuracy for tracking group-based fat loss in women compared to air displacement plethysmography (ADP).

Researchers and practitioners can consider US as a viable option for monitoring group-based changes in body fat over time.

Recent patents emphasize the development of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for oral delivery and improved weight reduction effects.

Practitioners should consider the potential of new GLP-1RAs that are orally administered and may enhance weight loss.

Subjects reported significantly greater perceptions of grip security, power, and technical competency at submaximal but not maximal loads.

Improved grip perceptions can enhance training effectiveness at submaximal loads.

GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrated a mean systolic BP reduction of -3.37 mmHg and a mean diastolic BP reduction of -1.05 mmHg compared with placebo.

GLP-1 receptor agonists can be considered for managing blood pressure in overweight or obese patients.

The BP reduction effect of GLP-1 RAs was consistent across subgroups for diabetic status, formulation, follow-up duration, and route of administration.

GLP-1 receptor agonists can be effectively used across different patient subgroups for BP management.

Progressive long-term aerobic exercise significantly influenced EPOC in overweight/obese men but not women.

Men may experience greater benefits in EPOC from long-term aerobic exercise compared to women.

EPOC contributed modestly to energy expenditure compared to the exercise itself.

While EPOC is a factor in energy expenditure, the primary energy burn comes from the exercise itself.

Change in EPOC was correlated with change in energy expenditure at 9 months and 16 months for men.

For men, improvements in EPOC may be linked to increases in overall energy expenditure.

The effectiveness of technology-based WLMIs varies.

Practitioners should be aware that results from technology-based interventions may differ significantly.

Low intracellular ATP levels lead to carbohydrate-dependent hunger and impaired satiety.

Recognizing the link between ATP levels and hunger can aid in obesity treatment strategies.

There is no one-size-fits-all approach to dietary recommendations for the management and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity.

Practitioners should consider individualized dietary recommendations rather than a standard approach.

There were no statistical differences in SMM and total strength improvements between the narrow and wide repetition zones.

Both repetition zones are equally effective for muscle and strength gains in older women.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the best treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Practitioners should prioritize CPAP as the primary treatment for patients diagnosed with OSA.

Telemedicine may improve compliance with CPAP treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.

Incorporating telemedicine strategies may help practitioners improve patient adherence to CPAP therapy.