Browse the evidence

The rise of childhood obesity in the United States will soon lead to higher than expected death rates at middle ages and a possible decline in life expectancy by midcentury.

Practitioners should be aware of the long-term implications of childhood obesity on health outcomes.

The most detrimental health and longevity effects of childhood obesity will not be seen for decades.

Awareness of delayed health impacts is crucial for long-term health planning.

Current methods used to forecast life expectancy cannot detect the future effects of childhood obesity.

Practitioners should consider the limitations of current forecasting in health planning.

Further study is needed to understand GIP's implications on weight reduction and other diseases.

Practitioners should be aware of the potential broader implications of GIP therapies.

Only 8% of eligible candidates with type 2 diabetes are prescribed GLP-1RA.

Cardiologists should be aware of the low prescription rates of GLP-1RA among eligible patients.

The uptake of GLP-1RA in clinical practice is low among cardiologists.

Efforts are needed to increase awareness and education among cardiologists regarding GLP-1RA.

The supramolecular GLP-1 receptor agonist (PA-GLP1) formulation achieved sustained serum concentrations for at least 40 days in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.

This formulation may provide a long-lasting treatment option for diabetes management.

The number of incident GLP-1 RA users in France increased from 5117 in January 2017 to 15,193 in June 2023.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the significant increase in GLP-1 RA prescriptions.

If 1%, 5%, or 10% of the population aged 60 years or older is treated with semaglutide, the annual Medicare costs will translate to excess of $2.6 billion, $13.3 billion, and $26.8 billion, respectively.

Understanding these cost projections is crucial for policymakers and healthcare planners.

Concerns regarding operative risks, irreversibility, and excess costs limit the broader clinical use of metabolic and bariatric surgeries.

Practitioners should be aware of these concerns when discussing surgical options with patients.

Continuation of GLP-1RAs did not appear to be associated with an increased incidence of residual gastric contents during EGD.

Practitioners can consider continuing GLP-1RAs during EGD without increased risk of residual gastric contents.

Rates of early termination of EGD were similar between groups.

Practitioners can expect similar rates of early termination of EGD regardless of GLP-1RA continuation.

There were no aspiration events in either group.

Practitioners can be reassured that there is no increased risk of aspiration events with GLP-1RA use during EGD.

The findings support nephroprotective mechanisms of GLP-1RAs independent of body weight and glycemic control.

This indicates that GLP-1RAs may be beneficial for kidney health beyond their metabolic effects.

The prevalence of obesity in the United States is 35.0% for men and 40.4% for women based on 2013 to 2014 national survey data.

Health practitioners should be aware of the significant prevalence of obesity in the population.

Body mass index (BMI) requirements for gender-affirming surgeries (GAS) present an obstacle to gender transition for many transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people.

Clinicians should be aware of the BMI-related barriers faced by TGD patients when considering GAS.

There is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of n-3-PUFA supplementation in improving or preventing loss of lean mass in both younger and older healthy adults, as well as clinical populations including oncologic patients.

Practitioners should be cautious in recommending n-3-PUFA supplementation for lean mass improvement.

Most systematic reviews concluded that n-3-PUFA supplementation did not significantly affect strength.

Strength training recommendations should not rely on n-3-PUFA supplementation.

There was no consistent impact of n-3-PUFA supplementation on functional outcome measures.

Functional improvements should not be expected from n-3-PUFA supplementation.

Calorie restriction (CR) does not have a consistent main effect on cognitive function over a 2-year period.

Practitioners can consider that CR may not negatively impact cognitive function in healthy adults.

Calorie restriction does not significantly interact with BMI stratum in affecting cognitive outcomes.

BMI does not appear to influence the cognitive effects of CR in this study.

In China, there was no significant association between white rice intake and diabetes risk (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.78-1.41, p for trend=0.38).

Dietary recommendations regarding rice consumption may not apply uniformly across different populations, such as in China.

There are key knowledge gaps regarding long-term complications, microvascular and macrovascular events, and mortality associated with RYGB.

Further research is needed to understand the long-term risks associated with RYGB.

No statistically significant associations were identified for SGLT2 inhibitors regarding hematologic malignancy risk.

SGLT2 inhibitors may not pose a risk for hematologic malignancies, making them a safer choice in this regard.