Browse the evidence

Moderate and balanced consumption of macronutrients associated with calorie restriction is recommended for metabolic syndrome.

Practitioners should recommend a balanced diet with calorie restriction for patients with metabolic syndrome.

Diets that restrict certain macronutrients may be better for controlling weight and metabolic risk factors.

Consider exploring macronutrient-restricted diets for better weight and metabolic control in patients.

High ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake is consistently linked to negative health outcomes.

Practitioners should be aware of the negative health implications of high UPF consumption.

Food policies that limit UPF intake are supported by evidence.

Policymakers should consider implementing regulations to reduce UPF consumption.

Increasing intake of plant foods is recommended for cardiovascular health.

Health practitioners should encourage patients to increase plant food consumption.

Substituting saturated fats with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated oils is recommended.

Health practitioners should advise patients to use healthier oils.

Regular consumption of fish with a focus on omega-3 enrichment is recommended.

Health practitioners should recommend fish consumption for omega-3 benefits.

Anti-obesity medications, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have shown safety and weight loss efficacy in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Clinicians may consider glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight management in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Weight loss can be achieved with either a healthy low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) or a healthy low-fat diet (LFD).

Both LCD and LFD can be effective for weight loss in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Carbohydrate intake measures showed strong associations with weight loss at 3-, 6-, and 12-month time points.

Focusing on carbohydrate intake may enhance weight loss efforts.

Weight loss in both diet groups seems to have been driven by the reduction of glycemic load (GL) more so than dietary fat or calories.

Reducing glycemic load may be more effective for weight loss than focusing solely on fat or calorie reduction.

Resistance training significantly improves upper limb muscular endurance in older women (19.50 ± 1.52 vs. 11.40 ± 2.87, p = 0.001).

Practitioners can use resistance training to enhance upper limb endurance in older female populations.

Resistance training significantly improves lower limb muscular endurance in older women (14.90 ± 3.10 vs. 26.56 ± 3.17, p = 0.001).

Practitioners can use resistance training to enhance lower limb endurance in older female populations.

Resistance training improves dynamic balance in older women, with significant improvements in anterior and posterolateral balance (63.9% ± 3.1% to 70.2 ± 2.1 and 88.1 ± 3.9 to 94.2 ± 2.7, p = 0.001).

Practitioners can use resistance training to improve dynamic balance in older female populations.

Rest interval durations of 60 seconds and 120 seconds between sets favored a higher total load lifted in the exercise session compared to the 30 seconds rest interval.

Practitioners should consider longer rest intervals (60-120 seconds) to maximize load lifted during resistance training.

Tirzepatide has demonstrated superior weight loss efficacy compared to previously approved medications.

Tirzepatide may be considered as a more effective pharmacotherapy option for weight loss in patients compared to existing medications.

Protein supplementation is necessary for maximizing muscle mass gains during resistance training.

Practitioners should emphasize the importance of protein supplementation for clients engaged in resistance training.

Multimodal programs including performance, nutritional, and psychological interventions may improve postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Incorporating multimodal interventions may enhance the success of bariatric surgery for patients with dysglycemia.

Intensive lifestyle interventions (ILIs) are preferred over anti-hyperglycemic medications for the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to their safety, efficacy, and cost.

Practitioners should prioritize ILIs for T2D prevention in overweight/obese patients.

Offering intensive lifestyle interventions to all overweight/obese adults who volunteer for weight loss treatment may be a more effective approach to prevent type 2 diabetes.

Consider broadening eligibility for ILIs to enhance participation in weight loss programs.

The assessment and promotion of physical activity in clinical settings appears to be effective.

Health professionals should incorporate physical activity assessment and promotion in clinical practice.

Seventeen studies demonstrated improvements in physical activity levels as a result of the interventions.

Practitioners can expect to see improvements in patient physical activity levels with appropriate interventions.

Cumulative average total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is inversely associated with progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.91 per 100 min/week higher amount.

Increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may help reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

An increase in total MVPA from baseline to year 4 (≥63.2 min/week) is associated with a 33% lower risk of progression to CKD compared to the largest MVPA reduction (<−198.3 min/week).

Encouraging increases in physical activity can significantly lower the risk of chronic kidney disease in this population.