Browse the evidence

Metformin shows CVD protective properties for DM-induced atherosclerotic and macrovascular complications.

Metformin should be considered as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes to protect against cardiovascular complications.

Insulin monotherapy for T2DM treatment increases the risk of major CV events and deaths from HF compared to metformin.

Practitioners should be cautious when prescribing insulin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes due to increased cardiovascular risks.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) without an associated exercise stimulus does not attenuate muscle size and strength losses during detraining.

BFR alone is insufficient to maintain muscle size and strength without ongoing exercise.

Both legs in the control (CON) and BFR conditions experienced significant reductions in quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA) and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) during the detraining period.

Detraining leads to significant losses in muscle size and strength, regardless of BFR application.

No additive effect of the multi-ingredient supplement (SUPP) was detected on vastus lateralis muscle CSA.

The effects of multi-ingredient supplements may vary by muscle group, highlighting the need for targeted approaches.

Steep weight loss postintervention was associated with increased risk of mortality.

Healthcare providers should be cautious of rapid weight loss in older patients with diabetes.

Obesity promotes the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) through several pathways.

Understanding these pathways can help in developing targeted interventions for AF in obese patients.

GLP-1RAs and dual GLP-1/GIPRA are associated with notable reductions in fat-free mass (FFM).

Practitioners should monitor FFM loss in patients undergoing GLP-1RA and GLP-1/GIPRA therapies.

A dual/poly-GPCR agonism strategy has emerged as an alternative approach to the traditional mono-GPCR concept.

Practitioners may consider exploring dual/poly-GPCR strategies in obesity treatment.

No leucine metabolite attenuated inflammation during training.

Leucine metabolites should not be recommended for reducing inflammation in resistance training.

Amino acids play roles in protein balance, hormone secretion, immune function, and can be converted to various anabolic or anticatabolic metabolites.

Understanding the roles of amino acids can help in optimizing nutrition for athletes.

Specific amino acids analyzed include essential amino acids, branched chain amino acids, arginine, taurine, glutamine, beta-alanine, and the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate.

Practitioners can focus on these specific amino acids for enhancing athletic performance.

Drug-related adverse events (AEs) were reported by 39.0% of participants in parts 1 + 2 and 30.6% in part 3.

Practitioners should be aware of the incidence of AEs when considering BI 1820237 for treatment.

Adverse events from SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs are primarily mild to moderate and tend to subside with treatment adjustment.

Practitioners should monitor for mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects when prescribing these medications.

Caution is advised when initiating GLP-1 agonist therapy in HIV patients taking protease inhibitors.

Healthcare providers should monitor HIV patients on protease inhibitors closely when starting GLP-1 agonists.

Skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes patients exhibits reduced ratios of slow oxidative muscle.

Recognizing the muscle composition changes can inform rehabilitation strategies.

LA-induced mitochondrial perturbations are linked with gut dysbiosis.

Addressing mitochondrial health may also improve gut microbiome balance.

Sarcopenia is associated with 1.60 to 5.80 greater odds of activities of daily living (ADL) disability.

Practitioners should consider sarcopenia as a significant risk factor for ADL disability in older adults.

Agreement between methods of operationalizing grip strength is modest.

Practitioners should be cautious about the variability in grip strength measurements when assessing sarcopenia.

2 years of 25% calorie restriction significantly reduced TNFα by -0.77 pg/mL compared to -0.38 pg/mL in the ad-libitum group (p=0.025).

Practitioners may consider calorie restriction as a strategy to reduce inflammatory cytokines in healthy adults.

Calorie restriction was associated with a small but significantly lower number of WBC, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

Practitioners may observe changes in immune cell counts with calorie restriction in healthy adults.

The LLHR group demonstrated a trivial difference in fat free mass (FFM) favoring LLHR vs ST of 0.27 kg (95 % CI (-0.87, 1.42)).

Lighter load training may not significantly increase fat-free mass compared to traditional training.

Gastrointestinal side effects from tirzepatide are common but mild to moderate, with less than 5% treatment discontinuation.

Practitioners should be aware of potential mild gastrointestinal side effects when prescribing tirzepatide.

The distribution of protein intake (balanced vs unbalanced) did not influence myofibrillar protein synthesis rates.

The timing and distribution of protein intake may not be critical for maximizing muscle protein synthesis in young adults.