Browse the evidence

Each 1-SD increase in ALCD score was associated with 0.13 kg more weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should be aware of the potential weight gain associated with animal-based low-carbohydrate diets.

Each 1-SD increase in HLCD score was associated with 0.36 kg less weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should promote healthy low-carbohydrate diets to mitigate weight gain.

Improvements in soda consumption and BMI are concentrated among female and non-white respondents.

Targeted interventions may be necessary to address disparities in health outcomes.

Moderate carbohydrate intake was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and non-CV mortality among Hispanic participants.

Practitioners may consider moderate carbohydrate intake beneficial for Hispanic individuals regarding mortality risk.

Patients in the third quartile of overall lower-carbohydrate diet score had a 35% lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85) compared to the first quartile.

Encouraging adherence to a moderate lower-carbohydrate diet may reduce mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Adherence to a healthy lower-carbohydrate diet score is associated with lower mortality risk, with HRs of 0.78, 0.73, and 0.74 across quartiles compared to the reference.

Promoting healthy lower-carbohydrate dietary patterns may enhance longevity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Replacing 2% of energy from carbohydrates with plant-based protein or polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with 23% to approximately 37% lower total mortality.

Encouraging small dietary changes, such as substituting carbohydrates with plant-based proteins or healthy fats, may significantly lower mortality risk.

Obesity-targeted interventions are a novel treatment strategy for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Healthcare providers should explore obesity-targeted interventions in managing HFpEF.

Semaglutide treatment is associated with improvements in quality of life (DLQI) and depressive symptoms (BDI) after 6 months.

Improving psoriasis treatment may also enhance mental health and quality of life.

Emerging evidence suggests that combining IF and KD may offer synergistic metabolic effects.

Practitioners may explore the combination of IF and KD for enhanced metabolic benefits in patients.

Incretin analogs are preferred for overweight or obese patients according to the American Gastroenterological Association.

Providers should consider these guidelines when treating overweight or obese patients.

Weight gain increases the risk for atherosclerosis regardless of cardiovascular events status or overweight/obese at baseline.

Practitioners should be aware that weight gain is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis.

The study utilized a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the relationship between lifestyle habits and health outcomes.

Understanding the methodology can help practitioners evaluate the reliability of the findings.

72.2% of patients achieved ≥ 20% total weight loss (TWL) by week 52 on liraglutide.

Practitioners can expect a significant proportion of patients to achieve substantial weight loss with liraglutide.

Patients achieved a calorie deficit of 651 kcal/day while on liraglutide.

Practitioners should encourage calorie tracking to support weight loss efforts in patients using liraglutide.

The basic principles of healthy nutrition remain largely unchanged over the years.

Practitioners should focus on established nutritional guidelines rather than trends.

Protein supplementation improves endurance performance and muscle strength compared to placebo, but these benefits are likely attributable to unmatched energy intake rather than protein itself.

If you are an athlete, protein supplements may help performance, but likely only because they add calories. If you already meet your energy needs, adding protein powder on top of it may not offer extra performance gains compared to a placebo with the same calories. Focus on total energy intake first.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention for sustained weight loss in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, with gastric bypass being the most effective procedure for weight reduction, though it carries higher complication risks.

For Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, lifestyle changes alone are rarely enough to fix the breathing issues. Bariatric surgery, particularly gastric bypass, is the most effective way to lose the significant amount of weight (25-30%) needed to potentially resolve the syndrome. You must weigh the surgical risks against the high risk of staying obese.

Endoscopic interventions such as Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG) and Transoral Outlet Reduction (TORe) are effective minimally invasive treatments for managing post-bariatric recurrent weight gain (RWG).

If you are gaining weight back after bariatric surgery, ask your doctor about endoscopic procedures like ESG or TORe. These are minimally invasive options that can help with weight loss without the risks of major surgery. They work by mechanically restricting your stomach or outlet size. While they are not as effective as GLP-1 drugs in some cases, they are a valuable tool for managing RWG.

Long-term adherence to low-carbohydrate diets, regardless of carbohydrate quality, is associated with a greater annual increase in waist circumference compared to higher-carbohydrate diets.

Be aware that long-term low-carbohydrate diets may be associated with increased waist circumference, even if other cardiometabolic markers improve. Monitor your waist circumference and consider adjusting your diet if you notice an increase.

Inappropriate physical activity (low physical activity) is associated with a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, with an odds ratio of 1.2 compared to those with appropriate physical activity.

Increasing your physical activity levels can help improve your lipid profile. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week, as recommended by general health guidelines, to reduce your risk of dyslipidemia.

Higher levels of moderate and moderate-vigorous physical activity are associated with accelerated thickening rates of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and macular thickness (MT) across the full course of diabetic retinopathy, suggesting a neuroprotective structural benefit.

Regular exercise helps preserve the physical structure of your retina. Studies show that higher activity levels are linked to better maintenance of retinal layer thickness, which is crucial for preventing vision loss in diabetes. This structural benefit works alongside the risk reduction from morning exercise timing.

Body Mass Index (BMI) partially mediates the protective effect of physical activity on diabetic retinopathy, accounting for 35.7% to 58.7% of the total benefit, indicating that weight loss is a significant but not exclusive mechanism.

Exercise protects your eyes through two main paths: helping you lose weight (which accounts for about half the benefit) and improving your metabolism directly (the other half). Even if you struggle to lose weight, staying active still provides significant protection against diabetic eye disease through improved blood sugar and reduced inflammation.

Bariatric surgery is an effective and durable weight-loss intervention that reduces major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) and cardiovascular events in patients with MASH, though data in advanced cirrhosis is limited.

Bariatric surgery offers significant long-term benefits for liver and heart health in MASH patients. It should be considered for eligible patients, especially when other treatments fail, despite limited data in advanced cirrhosis.