Browse the evidence

Bariatric surgery leads to a marked reduction in fasting and postprandial plasma triglyceride.

Practitioners can expect significant reductions in triglyceride levels in patients post-surgery.

Individuals with obesity are at greater risk for developing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and cardiovascular diseases.

Healthcare providers should monitor metabolic health in patients with obesity.

Total load lifted was significantly lower for the 30 seconds rest interval compared with 60 seconds and 120 seconds.

Shorter rest intervals (30 seconds) may hinder total load lifted during resistance training.

Lifestyle modification alone is often insufficient to achieve clinically meaningful weight loss.

Clinicians should consider pharmacotherapy in conjunction with lifestyle changes for effective weight management.

Bariatric surgery offers glycemic improvements and potential remission of early onset diabetes, but weight loss results are lower in patients with diabetes compared to those without.

Practitioners should be aware that while bariatric surgery can improve glycemic control, the weight loss outcomes may not be as significant for patients with diabetes.

Higher weight regain was noted in males compared to females.

Weight maintenance strategies may need to be tailored differently for men and women due to differences in weight regain.

25% of respondents reported medication cost savings averaging $288 per month due to reduced medication usage.

Practitioners may inform patients about potential cost savings from reduced medication needs.

High overall or unhealthful low-fat diet (LFD) scores are associated with increased likelihood of steatosis (OR = 1.65 for overall LFD, OR = 1.41 for unhealthful LFD).

Avoiding high scores in unhealthful low-fat diets may reduce the risk of hepatic steatosis.

Using LNCSBs as a substitute for SSBs was associated with small improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors without evidence of harm.

Practitioners can consider LNCSBs as a safe alternative to SSBs for improving health outcomes.

Protein interacts with carbohydrates, fats, and dietary energy density to influence calorie intake and metabolic physiology.

Understanding protein's role can help in designing effective dietary interventions.

Fat adaptation increases rates of fat oxidation during submaximal cycling at 63% of peak power output.

Incorporating a high-fat diet may enhance fat oxidation during endurance cycling.

Rates of fat oxidation remain elevated after glycogen restoration in individuals adapted to a high-fat diet.

Athletes may benefit from fat adaptation even after restoring glycogen levels.

Maximal rates of fat oxidation occur at approximately 57% of peak power output.

Cyclists should aim for around 57% of peak power output to maximize fat oxidation.

Older patients were 3% more likely to have weight loss (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.05).

Practitioners should consider age as a factor when assessing weight loss potential in T2D patients.

10 nights of moderate hypoxia improved glucose homeostasis in obese men.

Moderate hypoxia may be a potential intervention for improving insulin sensitivity in obese individuals.

The animal-based, ketogenic diet led to increased blood ketones of ~3 mM, which is thought to suppress appetite.

Practitioners may consider the appetite-suppressing effects of ketogenic diets due to increased ketone levels.

Nutritional interventions can increase fatty acid availability and rates of fat oxidation during exercise.

Implementing specific nutritional strategies may help improve fat oxidation during exercise.

Some people with HIV treated with antiretroviral therapy gain unhealthy amounts of weight and develop consequences of obesity.

Healthcare providers should monitor weight changes in PWH on ART.

Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was significantly reduced at 12 months but not at 24 months.

Monitoring HbA1c levels can help assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions in T2DM.

Maintained fitness after 20 years was associated with a greater increase in HDL cholesterol and less increase in weight, waist girth, blood pressure, and triglycerides compared to decreased fitness.

Maintaining fitness over time can lead to improved cardiometabolic health outcomes.

Maintained fitness reduced the rate of incident diabetes in insulin sensitive participants but not in insulin resistant participants.

Insulin sensitivity may influence the benefits of maintaining fitness on diabetes risk.

Blood lactate levels are slightly higher with longer rest intervals.

Higher blood lactate levels with longer rest may indicate increased metabolic stress during training.

V x O 2peak correlated with expression of gene clusters that regulate fat and carbohydrate oxidation.

Improved peak oxygen uptake is associated with better metabolic regulation in trained individuals.

The BAL group maintained nitrogen balance throughout the study.

Maintaining energy balance is crucial for preserving nitrogen balance.