Browse the evidence

Aging may impair the ability to maintain normal blood glucose homeostasis following large meals.

Understanding this impairment can guide dietary interventions for older adults to better manage blood glucose levels.

Decreased muscle mitochondrial density may not impair reliance on lipid oxidation during high-lipid oxidative demand conditions.

Mitochondrial density may not be a limiting factor for lipid oxidation in certain exercise conditions.

Lifestyle factors may protect against insulin resistance in Mexican Pima Indians.

Emphasizing lifestyle changes may be crucial for reducing insulin resistance in at-risk populations.

Twenty-four-hour carbohydrate oxidation was elevated on the REX day, while 24-hour fat and protein oxidation were not different.

Resistance exercise increases carbohydrate oxidation without affecting fat or protein oxidation in women.

A very-low-fat (LFAT) diet may unfavorably alter serum lipid profiles.

Athletes should be cautious about short-term very-low-fat diets due to potential negative effects on lipid health.

The placebo group did not respond to the overreaching phase despite optimal protein and leucine intake.

Even with adequate protein intake, some individuals may not respond to increased training volume.

Increasing saturated fat intake was not associated with CVD or mortality and instead correlated with lower rates of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.

Practitioners may reconsider the role of saturated fat in CVD risk and its potential benefits for metabolic health.

Bariatric surgery performed in patients with obesity and end-stage liver disease waiting for liver transplantation is associated with a 5% major post-bariatric surgery complications rate and a 7% 1-year post-liver transplantation mortality.

Bariatric surgery can be considered for patients with obesity awaiting liver transplantation, with a relatively low complication and mortality rate.

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, leading to increased morbidity, disability, health care expenditures, and mortality.

Health practitioners should recognize the widespread impact of obesity on health outcomes.

Higher carbohydrate intake is associated with a significant increase in total cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (HR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10).

Practitioners should consider the potential risks of high carbohydrate intake on cardiovascular health.

Glucose metabolic clearance rate was depressed after training (P < 0.05).

Training may lead to a reduced ability to clear glucose from the bloodstream during exercise.

Sustained remission was observed in 15.8 % (n = 19) over three years and in 12.5 % (n = 15) over four years.

Sustained remission can be a realistic goal for patients on a very low carbohydrate diet.

Preoperative insulin therapy and T2DM duration ≥5 years were predictors of less favorable outcomes.

Consideration of insulin therapy and diabetes duration is crucial for predicting surgical outcomes.

Gastric bypass surgery has positive effects that cannot be solely explained by caloric restriction.

Practitioners should consider factors beyond caloric intake when evaluating gastric bypass outcomes.

Both CLA and placebo groups improved oxygen uptake after the 8-week intervention.

Aerobic exercise is beneficial for improving oxygen uptake in obese women.

Sleep restriction reduced fat oxidation during high-dose insulin infusion in postmenopausal women.

Practitioners should be aware that sleep restriction may impair fat oxidation in this population.

There is no strong evidence that there is an optimal ratio of macronutrients for improving glycaemic control or reducing cardiovascular risk.

Practitioners should be cautious in recommending specific macronutrient ratios for diabetes management.

GB participants used fewer glucose-lowering medications at 10 years, but HbA1c, fasting glucose, calculated cardiovascular risk, quality-of-life, and incident diabetes complications did not differ significantly between the groups.

While GB surgery may reduce the need for glucose-lowering medications, it does not significantly improve other health metrics.

Obesity accompanies an increasing burden of metabolic disease among people living with HIV (PWH).

Healthcare providers should be aware of the increased risk of metabolic diseases in PWH with obesity.

There was a decline in resting metabolic rate (RMR) out of proportion to the decrease in body mass, with substantial metabolic adaptation.

Practitioners should be aware of the potential for metabolic adaptation when designing weight loss programs.

Despite relative preservation of FFM, marked slowing of resting metabolism out of proportion to weight loss is not avoided by the addition of an exercise program.

Practitioners should consider that exercise alone may not prevent metabolic slowing during weight loss.

Testosterone replacement therapy significantly improved insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR from 4.6 ± 1.7 to 0.5 ± 0.2 (P < 0.001).

Testosterone replacement therapy may be effective in improving insulin sensitivity in hypogonadal patients.

The blood lactate response was not different among the 3 rest interval conditions investigated.

Rest intervals do not significantly affect blood lactate levels, allowing flexibility in training protocols.

Patients with higher baseline HbA1C had 9% reduced odds (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85–0.97) of experiencing weight loss.

Practitioners should monitor HbA1C levels as they may impact weight loss efforts in T2D patients.