Browse the evidence

Isocalorically replacing 5% of the energy from SFAs with plant MUFAs was associated with 15%, 10%, 11%, and 30% lower total mortality, CVD, cancer, and respiratory disease mortality, respectively.

Replacing SFAs with plant MUFAs can significantly lower mortality risks.

High HbA1c at baseline is associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c for the same degree of weight loss.

Patients with higher baseline HbA1c may benefit more from weight loss interventions.

Diet quality of foods consumed from grocery stores increased modestly in children from 53.2% to 45.1% with poor diet quality and in adults from 40.1% to 32.9% with poor diet quality.

Practitioners should note the modest improvements in grocery store food quality among children and adults, indicating a positive trend in dietary habits.

The largest improvement in diet quality was in schools, with the percentage with poor diet quality decreasing from 55.6% to 24.4%.

This indicates that school nutrition programs may be effectively improving the diet quality of students.

Food quality from other sources worsened, with children showing an increase in poor diet quality from 40.0% to 51.7% and adults from 33.8% to 43.8%.

Practitioners should be aware of the worsening food quality from other sources, indicating a need for intervention.

Resting glycogen levels were higher after low-intensity resistance training (LIT) with vascular occlusion (OCC) compared to LIT alone.

Incorporating vascular occlusion during low-intensity resistance training may enhance glycogen storage in muscles.

Muscle mass was reduced only in the control group after immobilization (P < 0.05).

This suggests that omega-3 supplementation may help preserve muscle mass during immobilization.

Liraglutide, 3.0 mg, is safe with no serious adverse events or treatment-related deaths reported.

Liraglutide can be considered a safe option for weight management in the studied population.

Spontaneous physical activity (SPA) varied widely from 4.4 to 17.5% and was higher in males (9.3 +/- 2.0%) than in females (8.6 +/- 2.3%; P less than 0.05).

Understanding gender differences in SPA can help tailor physical activity recommendations.

SPA accounted for a significant portion of the daily energy expenditure (24-h EE) in both males (1,389 +/- 423 kJ/day) and females (1,163 +/- 351 kJ/day).

Incorporating SPA into daily routines can enhance energy expenditure.

A substantial barrier to greater adoption of resistance training (RT) is the incorrectly perceived importance of variables such as external load, intensity, and volume.

Simplifying RT prescriptions may enhance adherence.

The infusion of amino acids resulted in an additional reduction in endogenous Ra and a blunting of NORd reduction at each dose of insulin.

Amino acids can enhance insulin's ability to suppress protein breakdown.

A high-CHO diet restored respiratory exchange ratio (RER) after fat adaptation.

A high-CHO diet can quickly restore carbohydrate metabolism after fat adaptation.

The significant between-group differences in glycemic control were maintained at 12-month follow-up.

Long-term adherence to the PPT diet may provide sustained benefits for glycemic control.

A minimal fish intake of 175 g (approximately 2 servings) weekly is associated with lower risk of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality among patients with prior CVD.

Practitioners should recommend at least 2 servings of fish per week for patients with a history of cardiovascular disease.

Muscle fibre activation and subsequent anabolic signalling are independent of load and repetition duration when resistance exercise is performed to task failure.

Practitioners can use lighter loads to task failure for muscle activation without needing heavier weights.

No significant differences were noted in maximal strength measures between the SPLIT and TOTAL training routines.

Practitioners should note that increased training frequency may not necessarily improve strength.

The positive findings regarding meal frequency and body composition were primarily influenced by a single study.

Caution is advised when interpreting the benefits of increased meal frequency.

Initial results suggest a potential benefit of increased feeding frequencies for enhancing body composition.

There may be benefits to increasing meal frequency, but further investigation is needed.

Anabolic resistance contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy with aging and during critical illness.

Practitioners should consider anabolic resistance when developing interventions for muscle preservation in aging and critical care.

Change in apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) over time was related to amount of weight loss, baseline AHI, and intervention independent of weight change.

Understanding these relationships can help tailor interventions for better OSA management.

Lean phenotypes with visceral fat accumulation exhibit high cardiovascular mortality.

Practitioners should be aware of the increased cardiovascular risks associated with visceral fat in lean individuals.

A prudent or traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern may also prevent stroke.

Promote a Mediterranean dietary pattern to potentially reduce stroke risk.

Eccentric muscle actions resulted in a greater effect size compared with concentric actions, but results did not reach statistical significance (ES difference = 0.25 ± 0.13; p = 0.076).

Practitioners should consider incorporating both eccentric and concentric training in hypertrophy programs.