Browse the evidence

Bariatric surgery can result in a 10-year percentage excess weight loss that can surpass 50%.

Bariatric surgery may be a viable option for significant weight loss in select patients.

Insulin secretion was negatively associated with the rate of weight gain.

Lower insulin secretion may indicate a higher risk of weight gain, which can inform dietary and lifestyle interventions.

There may be a possible advantage for the use of long rest intervals to elicit hypertrophic effects.

Longer rest intervals may be more effective for hypertrophy in trained individuals.

Phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) is elevated after resistance exercise with protein ingestion.

Increased p70S6K phosphorylation indicates enhanced signaling for muscle growth post-exercise.

Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) is elevated after resistance exercise with protein ingestion.

Elevated ERK1/2 and p90RSK phosphorylation suggests enhanced signaling pathways for muscle adaptation post-exercise.

Five days of a high-fat diet produce metabolic adaptations that increase the rate of fat oxidation during prolonged exercise.

Implementing a short-term high-fat diet may enhance fat oxidation during exercise.

Fat oxidation remained elevated in subjects on a high-fat diet compared to those on a high-carbohydrate diet during exercise.

Athletes may benefit from a high-fat diet to enhance fat utilization during exercise.

After substantial weight loss (12.7 +/- 2 kg), metabolic parameters improved further, with the effect of weight loss approximately equal to that obtained with initial calorie restriction.

Weight loss is equally important as calorie restriction for improving metabolic health in obese NIDDM patients.

Food insecurity is a common cause of inadequate dietary intake.

Addressing food insecurity is crucial for improving dietary intake.

Myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rate was elevated at 24 and 48 hours following resistance exercise (RE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIT).

Both resistance and HIIT exercises can enhance muscle protein synthesis in older men.

Higher sitting time (≥8 hours per day) is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10-1.31) and major cardiovascular disease (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.34).

Reducing sitting time to less than 8 hours per day may lower the risk of mortality and cardiovascular events.

The association of sitting time with the composite outcome is stronger in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.16-1.44) compared to high-income and upper-middle-income countries (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.98-1.19).

Public health strategies should focus on reducing sitting time, especially in low-income countries.

Participants who sat for 8 or more hours per day experienced a 17% to 50% higher associated risk of the composite outcome across physical activity levels.

Encouraging reduced sitting time is crucial, even for those who are physically active.

Energy expenditure is a critical factor contributing to successful energy regulation in normal individuals and to the disregulation of energy balance that characterizes obesity.

Practitioners should consider energy expenditure as a key factor in managing energy balance and obesity.

Reduced energy expenditure facilitates weight gain in individuals susceptible to obesity.

Weight management strategies should address energy expenditure to prevent weight gain in at-risk individuals.

Exercise intervention studies suggest an equilibration between physical activity and body fat content.

Incorporating physical activity is essential for managing body fat and energy balance.

Targeted combinations of medicines with nutrition and lifestyle interventions can increase treatment efficacy and reduce adverse effects.

Integrating nutrition and lifestyle changes with medication may enhance treatment outcomes.

Muscle glycogen levels increased by approximately 80% after 1 hour of recovery for both caffeine and carbohydrate treatments.

Both caffeine and carbohydrate can effectively promote glycogen recovery in trained individuals.

Chronic desynchronization of the circadian system, such as in shift work and sleep deprivation, can favor the development of obesity.

Practitioners should consider the impact of circadian rhythms on weight management.

Resistance training (RT) induces significant endogenous hormonal elevations.

Incorporating resistance training can enhance hormonal levels beneficial for muscle growth.

Aging reduces skeletal muscle mass and sensitivity to anabolic effects of protein feeding and resistance exercise, leading to anabolic resistance.

Practitioners should focus on maintaining physical activity in elderly patients to counteract muscle loss.

The prehabilitation program had a high attendance rate of 90% and a high level of patient satisfaction.

High attendance and satisfaction indicate that patients are likely to engage with prehabilitation programs.

No additional dietary protein is suggested for healthy adults undertaking resistance or endurance exercise.

Practitioners can advise that active adults do not need more protein than the general recommendation.

Most athletes consume protein at levels beyond even the highest recommendations.

Athletes may need guidance to align their protein intake with established recommendations.