Browse the evidence

The effects of resistance training at longer muscle lengths show an increasing trend from proximal to distal sites.

Practitioners may consider the trend when designing resistance training programs, but should note the trivial nature of the differences.

There was a 20% increase in hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) activity after the FAT-adpt diet compared to the high-CHO diet.

An increase in HSL may suggest enhanced fat mobilization, but the lack of significance warrants caution in application.

Skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity was higher in trained athletes compared to type 2 diabetes patients and older controls.

Practitioners should recognize the benefits of training on muscle oxidative capacity.

There was stronger support for general inter-individual response variation (GEN) compared to condition-specific response variation (CON).

Understanding general response variation can help tailor training programs more effectively.

Gross variability in resistance training outcomes often reflects confounding sources of within-participant variation rather than true inter-individual differences.

Practitioners should be cautious in interpreting variability in training outcomes.

Participants consumed 130 more calories on average in the low social status condition compared to the high social status condition (p=0.07).

Practitioners should consider the impact of perceived social status on dietary intake.

Participants consumed a significantly higher proportion of their daily calorie needs in the low social status condition (39% vs. 31%; p=0.04).

Practitioners should be aware of how social status can influence dietary behavior.

The associations between drinking water and health outcomes were independent of age, baseline status, weight loss diet group, energy intake, diet composition, physical activity and weight change.

Water intake effects on metabolic health are consistent regardless of other lifestyle factors.

Adaptation to a FAT diet reduced RER during cycling at 70% of VO2peak, which was partially restored by 1 day of high-CHO.

Cyclists may benefit from a brief period of fat adaptation followed by carbohydrate recovery to optimize performance.

Total fat oxidation was increased and carbohydrate oxidation was decreased during cycling at 70% VO2peak for FAT compared to CHO.

Trained cyclists may enhance fat utilization by adapting to a high-fat diet.

High-fat adaptation led to a 20% increase in hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) activity compared to high-carbohydrate diet.

An increase in HSL may enhance fat mobilization, which could be beneficial for endurance athletes.

Overemphasis on carbohydrate-to-fat ratio may explain disappointing outcomes in treating obesity and preventing type 2 diabetes.

Clinicians should consider the quality of diet, not just macronutrient ratios, when treating obesity.

The glycemic index (GI) provides a measure of carbohydrate quality based on postprandial blood glucose responses.

Understanding GI can help clinicians guide patients in making better carbohydrate choices.

The Brain and Body Health (BB-Health) study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a multicomponent nutritional supplement (MCNS) and weight loss (WL) intervention for older adults with obesity.

Practitioners may consider the potential of MCNS and WL interventions for older adults with obesity.

If the BB-Health protocol demonstrates feasibility, the MCNS with and without WL intervention has potential to prevent age-related cognitive decline.

Practitioners may consider the implications of MCNS and WL interventions for cognitive health in older adults.

Ghrelin concentration significantly reduces post-meal in both moderate and high protein diets.

Both moderate and high protein diets effectively reduce ghrelin levels, indicating a potential for managing hunger.

Perceived hunger, fullness, and satisfaction were comparable between the moderate and high protein diets.

Practitioners can expect similar levels of hunger and satisfaction from both moderate and high protein diets.

Including simple variables such as body mass and sex in regression models improved the predictions of accelerometer-assessed TEE.

Incorporating individual characteristics like body mass and sex can enhance the accuracy of TEE assessments using accelerometers.

Higher intake of white rice (≥450g/d compared with <150g/d) is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03-1.41, p for trend=0.003).

Practitioners should consider advising moderation in white rice consumption to mitigate diabetes risk.

The highest risk of diabetes associated with white rice intake was observed in South Asia (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.17-2.34, p for trend=0.02).

Healthcare providers in South Asia should be particularly aware of the diabetes risk linked to high white rice consumption.

Overfeeding led to an average body weight gain of 7.3 ± 0.4 kg.

Practitioners should be aware that overfeeding can lead to significant weight gain.

Overfeeding reduced insulin sensitivity more in individuals with short sleep duration compared to those with longer sleep duration.

Encouraging adequate sleep may mitigate negative effects on insulin sensitivity during overeating.

GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown promising results in reducing liver enzymes and improving MASLD.

Practitioners may consider GLP-1 RAs as a therapeutic option for MASLD.

The long-acting GIPR agonist LY3537021 induced a mean body weight loss of 3.14 kg in participants with T2D compared to 0.36 kg in the placebo group at day 57 (p < 0.05).

LY3537021 may be an effective treatment option for weight loss in patients with T2D.