Browse the evidence

There are existing knowledge gaps in the molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations.

Researchers should focus on addressing these gaps to advance the understanding of exercise physiology.

Fructose resets ATP levels to a lower level in the cell, suppressing mitochondrial function.

Understanding fructose's impact on ATP may inform dietary recommendations.

Statistical guidance and study designs are necessary to measure treatment response heterogeneity in nutrition and obesity research.

Researchers should adopt appropriate statistical methods and study designs to accurately assess treatment responses.

Understanding the pathophysiological traits of OSA in each patient is crucial for effective treatment.

Practitioners should assess individual pathophysiological traits to tailor OSA treatments.

The development of new drug combinations may provide alternative treatment options for OSA.

Practitioners should explore new drug combinations as potential treatments for OSA.

Tirzepatide treatment significantly decreased Alt-Ext-induced IL-5 and IL-13 levels in lung homogenates compared with vehicle treatment.

Tirzepatide may help reduce allergic inflammation in obese asthma patients.

There was no benefit from ILI for individuals in the third tertile of frailty index, with a hazard ratio of 1.15.

Practitioners should be cautious in recommending intensive lifestyle interventions for more frail individuals.

Semaglutide treatment is not associated with higher rates of short-term adverse events after cervical spine decompression and fusion in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Practitioners can consider that semaglutide treatment does not increase short-term surgical risks in this patient population.

There are no statistically significant differences in the composite measure of postoperative surgical complications between semaglutide-treated patients and controls.

The findings suggest that semaglutide does not negatively impact surgical outcomes in this context.

The 30-day and 90-day readmission rates were similar between semaglutide-treated patients and controls.

This indicates that semaglutide does not increase the likelihood of readmission after surgery.

There is a significant difference in the profile of reporting risk and time-to-onset of GADRs between semaglutide and liraglutide.

Understanding these differences can help tailor obesity treatment to individual patient needs.

There is not yet sufficient evidence to leverage genetics or genomics to aid the treatment of obesity.

Practitioners should be cautious in applying genetic and genomic information for obesity treatment until more evidence is available.

The workshop fostered interdisciplinary collaboration among investigators.

Collaboration can lead to new research hypotheses and ideas in obesity treatment.

Supplementation with HMB (FA and Ca) or α‐HICA failed to enhance body composition to a greater extent than placebo.

Practitioners should not recommend HMB or α‐HICA for improving body composition in resistance training.

No statistically significant between-group or group‐by‐time interactions were observed.

The lack of significant interactions suggests that these supplements do not provide additional benefits over placebo.

The most frequent adverse events associated with retatrutide were gastrointestinal, including nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.

Clinicians should monitor for gastrointestinal side effects when prescribing retatrutide.

The approval of semaglutide by the FDA was based on the results of clinical trials.

Practitioners can inform patients that semaglutide is FDA-approved for weight management based on clinical evidence.

The practical reality at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games consisted of a very low amount of choice for spectators and a large amount of high- and ultra-processed food.

Event organizers should ensure a wider variety of healthy food options at sporting events.

Rio 2016 organisers shaped the choice architecture so that the food and drink sold did not meet health definitions.

Organizers need to align food offerings with health standards to promote better dietary choices.

The number of persons with diabetes is projected to grow from 463 million to 700 million worldwide between 2019 and 2045.

Healthcare practitioners should prepare for a significant increase in diabetes cases.

90% of diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes.

Focus on type 2 diabetes management in clinical practice.

Neither whey protein supplementation nor exercise prevented changes in the disks in the spine.

Practitioners should note that while muscle atrophy can be mitigated, spinal disk changes may not be affected by these interventions.

Whey protein supplementation and exercise did not impact back pain reports.

Practitioners should be aware that these interventions may not alleviate back pain.

The cohort of 618 participants was successfully recruited despite challenges, exceeding the target of 600.

Successful recruitment strategies can be applied to similar trials.