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The risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) decreases after approximately 10% of weight loss in patients who underwent metabolic surgery.

Practitioners should aim for at least 10% weight loss in surgical patients to reduce cardiovascular risk.

A threshold of approximately 5% weight loss is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in patients who underwent metabolic surgery.

Practitioners should encourage at least 5% weight loss in surgical patients to improve survival rates.

Both RT3 and RT6 groups showed significant increases in muscle thickness for elbow extensors (+14% for RT3 and +11% for RT6), rectus femoris (+5% for RT3 and +6% for RT6), and vastus intermedius (+10% for RT3 and +11% for RT6) with no significant between-group differences.

Both training frequencies can be effective for muscle growth in trained individuals.

Both drop set (DS) and conventional resistance training (NS) groups showed significant increases in triceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) with 10.0±3.7% for DS and 5.1±2.1% for NS.

Both training methods can effectively increase muscle size, but drop sets may offer superior results.

Strength increased in both groups, with a 16.1±12.1% increase for DS and 25.2±17.5% for NS.

Both training methods are effective for increasing strength, with conventional training showing a greater percentage increase.

The squat-only group (SQ) had greater transfer to maximal squat strength compared to the leg press group (LP).

Practitioners may prioritize squats for improving maximal squat strength.

Effect sizes favored the squat-only (SQ) and combined squat and leg press (SQ-LP) groups versus the leg press-only (LP) group with respect to countermovement jump.

Incorporating squats may enhance jump performance more than leg presses alone.

Both free weights and machines can improve functional outcomes, with the extent of transfer being specific to the given task.

Both free weight and machine exercises should be included in training programs for functional improvements.

Multi-ingredient protein (MIP) supplements combined with resistance exercise training lead to significant increases in fat-free mass (FFM) by 0.80 kg and improvements in 1-repetition maximum (1RM) lower body strength by 4.22 kg and upper body strength by 2.56 kg compared to non-MIP supplemented conditions.

Practitioners can consider recommending MIP supplements to enhance muscle mass and strength gains in individuals undergoing resistance training.

MIP supplements show a greater effect on fat-free mass (FFM) in untrained individuals (0.95 kg) and older participants (0.77 kg) compared to trained individuals.

MIP supplements may be particularly beneficial for untrained individuals and older adults seeking to increase muscle mass.

Low-carbohydrate diets are at least as effective for weight loss as other diets.

Practitioners can consider low-carbohydrate diets as a viable option for weight loss in patients.

Glycemic control and hyperinsulinemia are improved by low-carbohydrate diets.

Low-carbohydrate diets may be recommended to improve glycemic control in patients.

Fasting lipid parameters are generally improved by low-carbohydrate diets.

Practitioners should consider the quality of fats in low-carbohydrate diets when assessing lipid improvements.

The INITIAL ROM group presented a greater relative increase in muscle hypertrophy at 70% femur length compared to all groups.

Practitioners may consider incorporating initial partial range of motion training for enhanced muscle hypertrophy.

High resistance-training frequency (5 days per week) significantly increases muscle thickness in the forearm flexors and vastus lateralis compared to training muscle groups once per week.

Practitioners should consider recommending higher training frequency for enhanced muscle growth.

A split training routine (muscle groups trained once per week) does not confer the same hypertrophic effect as a whole-body routine trained five times per week.

For optimal hypertrophy, a higher training frequency may be beneficial.

Weight changes from baseline to time of MRI averaged -6.2% for the intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) group.

Weight loss is significant in the ILI group, indicating effective intervention strategies.

Metabolic surgery is more effective than lifestyle or medical management in achieving glycemic control, sustained weight loss, and reducing diabetes comorbidities.

Practitioners should consider metabolic surgery as a treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not respond to lifestyle or medical management.

Long-term maintenance of a reduced weight provides the greatest health benefit.

Practitioners should emphasize the importance of long-term weight maintenance for health benefits.

Training to failure is proposed as a necessary strategy to maximize muscle growth.

Practitioners may consider incorporating training to failure in hypertrophy training.

Semaglutide reduced body weight more in women than in men, with a mean difference of -9.6% in women and -7.2% in men.

Practitioners should note that women may experience greater weight loss with semaglutide treatment.

Late bedtime was associated with general obesity (AOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.12-1.29) and abdominal obesity (AOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.12-1.28).

Encouraging earlier bedtimes may help reduce obesity risk.

Short nocturnal sleep of less than 6 hours was associated with general obesity (e.g., <5 hours: AOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.43).

Limiting sleep duration to at least 6 hours may help mitigate obesity risk.

The 4-min and 20-min TTs are strongly associated with the 60-min mean power output (MPO), with adjusted R2 = .98.

Shorter TTs can be effectively used to predict longer cycling performance in trained cyclists.