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No significant differences were observed between the vegan and omnivorous diets for secondary outcomes of triglycerides or HDL-C.

The type of diet may not significantly affect triglycerides or HDL cholesterol levels.

No statistically significant differences were found between groups for changes in total EI, hunger, dietary satisfaction, eating behaviors or weight loss.

This suggests that discretionary food choices do not adversely affect weight loss or dietary satisfaction in a structured diet.

There was no long‐term difference in weight change over time.

This indicates that incorporating discretionary foods may not hinder long-term weight management.

Physiological adaptation from a low- to high-carbohydrate diet may require many weeks.

Practitioners should consider the time required for metabolic adaptation when advising dietary transitions.

Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and lymphocyte proliferation were significantly increased in both CR groups compared to baseline.

Calorie restriction can enhance specific immune responses in overweight individuals.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was reduced in both CR groups, significantly in the 30% CR group.

Reducing PGE2 through calorie restriction may enhance T cell function.

The variance of most Eating Inventory (EI) variables is primarily explained by unique environmental influences (E), with E explaining 71% of the variance in external locus for hunger (HUN) and 69% in strategic dieting behavior of restraint (RES).

Practitioners should consider the significant role of unique environmental factors when addressing eating behaviors.

Genetic influences (G) significantly affect restraint (RES), internal locus for hunger (HUN), and emotional and situational susceptibility to disinhibition (DIS) with heritabilities of 52%, 50%, 55%, and 38%, respectively.

Understanding the genetic influences can help tailor interventions for eating behaviors.

Disinhibition (DIS) and hunger (HUN) share a common influence, while restraint (RES) appears to be a distinct construct.

Recognizing the distinct nature of restraint can inform targeted strategies in behavioral interventions.

There is a link between metabolism and inflammation as a protective mechanism for adaptation to dietary intake in humans.

This understanding can inform dietary recommendations for health.

The symposium will showcase advances in nutritional modulation of aging relevant to human health.

Practitioners can stay informed about the latest research in nutrition and aging.

There was no significant difference in energy intake between values obtained by COCO and 24-hour recall for days when both methods were used (mean 2092, SD 1044 kcal versus mean 2030, SD 687 kcal, P=.70).

COCO Nutritionist may be a viable alternative to traditional dietary recall methods for assessing energy intake.

There were no significant differences between the methods for percent of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat (P=.27-.89).

COCO Nutritionist provides comparable macronutrient distribution data to traditional methods.

This first demonstration of a dietary assessment method using natural spoken language to map reported foods to food composition codes demonstrates a promising new approach to automate assessments of dietary intake.

The COCO Nutritionist app could simplify dietary assessments through automated technology.

The 10% of foods with the greatest discrepancy between measured vs. actual energy content showed a similar discrepancy upon re-sampling (54±28% and 44±26%, respectively, both P <0.0001 compared to 0%).

Significant discrepancies in energy content should be considered when making dietary choices.

Dietary substitution of whole grains for refined grains did not impact body composition over 6 weeks during weight maintenance.

Switching to whole grains may not lead to changes in body fat during weight maintenance.

The report provides a foundation for government, food industry, and nutrition professionals to develop programs and policies.

This indicates that practitioners should engage with policymakers and industry to implement dietary guidelines.

Individuals in countries with low-income consume fewer fruits and vegetables and spend a greater proportion of their income on food compared to those in high-income countries.

Practitioners should focus on improving access to fruits and vegetables in low-income areas.

Protein intake at 2.9g.kg-1.d-1 did not enhance indices of recovery following resistance exercise when peri-exercise protein consumption was controlled for.

Practitioners may consider that 1.8g.kg-1.d-1 protein intake is sufficient for recovery in trained individuals.

No differences for TNF-α or muscle soreness were reported between groups.

Practitioners may not need to focus on TNF-α or muscle soreness as differentiators in protein intake strategies.

There is no significant correlation between perceived muscle activation and EMG measured activation level for any exercise.

Practitioners should be cautious in using perceived muscle activation as an indicator of training intensity.

Self-reported muscle activation may not accurately correspond to actual muscle activation as measured via EMG.

Relying solely on perceived muscle activation for training decisions may lead to ineffective programming.

Hypercalciuria in patients is significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 2.9, 1.4-6.2) and kidney stone disease (KSD) (OR = 1.9, 1.03-3.5) in first-degree relatives, particularly siblings.

Clinicians should consider hypercalciuria as a risk factor for hypertension and KSD in patients' families.

Low urinary potassium excretion in hypercalciuric patients predicts hypertension (OR = 3.3, 1.5-7.4) and KSD (OR = 2.9, 1.1-7.3) in first-degree relatives.

Monitoring potassium intake may be important for assessing hypertension and KSD risk in families of hypercalciuric patients.