Browse the evidence

Preoperative use of GLP-1 receptor agonists is not significantly associated with the odds of postoperative aspiration pneumonia.

Clinicians may reconsider the necessity of withholding GLP-1 RAs preoperatively based on these findings.

Patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists are more likely to be female and diagnosed with both obesity and diabetes compared to nonusers.

Understanding the demographics of GLP-1 RA users can inform targeted interventions and education.

Use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) is associated with an increased incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.07 (95% CI, 1.03-1.11).

Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of DR when prescribing GLP-1 RAs to patients with T2D.

GLP-1 RAs are not associated with progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97-1.15) or diabetic macular edema (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.01) in patients with preexisting DR.

Patients with preexisting DR may not experience worsening of certain complications when treated with GLP-1 RAs.

Higher sustained pharmacy costs were the main driver of the cost difference favoring MBS over GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Healthcare providers should consider ongoing medication costs when recommending obesity treatments.

In patients with cardiometabolic HFpEF, semaglutide showed a 42% lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure or all-cause mortality compared with sitagliptin.

Semaglutide may be a beneficial treatment option for patients with HFpEF and cardiometabolic conditions.

Tirzepatide showed no meaningful benefit over semaglutide in reducing the risk of hospitalization for heart failure or all-cause mortality.

Clinicians may consider semaglutide as the preferred option over tirzepatide for this patient population.

Metformin failed to prove beneficial effects in MASLD progression.

Avoid using metformin for treating MASLD progression as it has not shown benefits.

The incidence of completed or attempted suicide and occurrences of suicidal ideation or self-harm is very low in individuals receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists (0.047 per 100 person-years) compared to placebo (0.042 per 100 person-years), with no statistically significant difference.

Practitioners can be reassured that GLP-1 RAs do not appear to increase the risk of suicidality in their patients.

There is unlikely to be an increase in the very low incidence of suicide-related adverse events among individuals receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists within the context of randomized controlled trials.

Healthcare providers can continue to prescribe GLP-1 RAs without heightened concern for suicidality in clinical settings.

Expanded Medicare coverage for GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for obesity treatment is projected to increase total Medicare drug costs by $65.9 billion over 10 years.

Practitioners should be aware of the significant projected costs associated with GLP-1RA coverage under Medicare.

The net increased spending due to expanded Medicare coverage for GLP-1RAs is projected to be $47.7 billion over 10 years.

Practitioners should be aware of the substantial net spending implications of GLP-1RA coverage.

Patients prescribed semaglutide or tirzepatide had an increased risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) with a hazard ratio of 1.76.

Clinicians should monitor patients on semaglutide or tirzepatide for signs of NAION.

Patients prescribed semaglutide or tirzepatide had an increased risk of other optic nerve disorders with a hazard ratio of 1.65.

Clinicians should be aware of the risk of other optic nerve disorders in patients on semaglutide or tirzepatide.

No association was found with other disorders of the optic nerve or visual pathways.

Other optic nerve or visual pathway disorders are not linked to semaglutide or tirzepatide use.

GIP antagonism has been shown to reduce the development of obesity in preclinical models.

GIP antagonism could be a potential strategy for obesity treatment.

Semaglutide did not increase or reduce the risk of eye disorders (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.91-1.12) or diabetic retinopathy (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92-1.17).

Semaglutide can be considered safe regarding eye disorders and diabetic retinopathy.

There were no significant changes in peak VO2 or other cardiovascular measures with HU6 treatment.

HU6 may not improve cardiovascular function despite weight loss.

The prevalence of obesity has increased markedly in recent decades, constituting major medical and socioeconomic problems worldwide.

Awareness of the obesity epidemic is crucial for public health initiatives.

Challenges in ensuring safety, tolerability, and equitable access are critical barriers to advancing anti-obesity pharmacotherapy.

Address these barriers to improve obesity treatment outcomes.

Promising candidates such as danuglipron and lotiglipron were discontinued due to hepatotoxicity.

Practitioners should be aware of safety concerns associated with certain GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Current clinical candidates, including GSBR-1290, CT-996, and ECC5004, offer substantial potential due to their oral bioavailability and favorable gastrointestinal tolerability.

Practitioners may consider these candidates for their potential benefits in treatment regimens.

Obesity is projected to affect 3.8 billion people worldwide by 2050.

Practitioners should be aware of the increasing obesity trend and its implications for health.

GLP-1RAs probably have little or no effect on risk for thyroid cancer.

Practitioners should consider that GLP-1RAs may not significantly increase thyroid cancer risk based on current evidence.