Browse the evidence

The DRL agent achieved a prediction accuracy of optimal doses of 92%, exceeding traditional models by 15%.

The DRL agent can provide more accurate dosing recommendations compared to traditional methods.

Intermittent exogenous ketosis (IEK) may increase endurance through glycogen sparing.

Practitioners may consider IEK as a strategy to enhance endurance in athletes.

Acute and chronic post-exercise ketosis may stimulate recovery from training.

Practitioners might use ketosis strategies to aid recovery in athletes.

In patients with type 2 diabetes, retatrutide achieved an absolute HbA1c reduction of 2.02%, with 27% of participants reaching normoglycemia.

Retatrutide may improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Retatrutide achieves an 82.4% relative reduction in hepatic fat and normalizes liver fat in 86% of patients.

Retatrutide may be beneficial for patients with fatty liver disease.

Total thigh muscle volume decreased by 1.7% after 2 days and 5.5% after 7 days of disuse (P<0.001).

Practitioners should be aware that even short periods of disuse can lead to significant muscle loss.

Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were 36% lower in the immobilized leg compared to the control leg over one week (P<0.001).

Reduced protein synthesis during disuse highlights the importance of maintaining activity to support muscle health.

Tirzepatide treatment preserved lean mass and muscle function after 4 months.

Tirzepatide may help maintain muscle mass and function during weight loss in obese patients.

Whey and soy proteins can be part of a resistance training regimen, but findings should be interpreted with caution due to small sample size.

Practitioners should consider the potential benefits of protein supplementation while being aware of the limitations of the current evidence.

There was no significant clinical aggravation of renal biomarkers in the studies reviewed.

Clinicians can be reassured that protein supplementation does not adversely affect renal biomarkers in this population.

The existing data on protein supplementation and kidney function is weakened by brief study periods and traditional biomarkers.

Future research should focus on longer study durations and advanced renal markers for better safety profiles.

Dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors (DEAB) are more concerning in the athletic population than in the general population.

Practitioners should be aware that athletes may exhibit higher levels of dysfunctional eating behaviors compared to non-athletes.

There is a need for assessment tools specifically adapted to the context of athletes to improve screening accuracy for DEAB.

Developing and validating tailored assessment tools can enhance the identification of DEAB in athletes.

Multiple factors moderate strength improvements from resistance training frequency.

Practitioners should consider individual and program-specific factors when designing resistance training programs for strength gains.

Both protein and placebo groups showed improvements in most cardiorespiratory fitness-related and physical performance measures.

Both protein and carbohydrate supplementation can lead to improvements in physical performance for stroke patients undergoing aerobic training.

Most metabolite shifts occurred during the dietary intervention phase, with minimal additional changes after resistance training.

Emphasizing dietary changes may yield more immediate metabolic benefits than resistance training alone.

A high-protein diet, alone or combined with resistance training, induces modest but measurable metabolic shifts without disrupting global metabolic homeostasis.

Older adults can safely increase protein intake without adverse metabolic effects, especially when combined with exercise.

Overemphasis on protein supplementation could detract from achieving energy balance through mixed-macronutrient sources.

Practitioners should ensure a balanced intake of macronutrients rather than focusing solely on protein.

The mean daily energy intake (EI) during the training camp was 1.3 times higher than the predicted total daily energy expenditure, resulting in an energy surplus of approximately 500 kcal·d-1.

Athletes may need to monitor their energy intake to avoid excessive surplus during training.

Daily carbohydrate (CHO) intake during exercise was significantly below the moderate recommendation of 30 g·h-1, averaging approximately 11.5 g·h-1.

Athletes should ensure adequate carbohydrate intake during exercise to meet performance recommendations.

LAB-FWP supplementation resulted in significant increases in dietary vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium intake (all P < .001).

Practitioners should note the potential of LAB-FWP to enhance nutritional intake in older adults.

Therapies such as thiazolidinedione, insulin secretagogue, and insulin are less suitable for individuals with obesity and T2D as they are associated with weight gain.

Clinicians should avoid prescribing therapies that promote weight gain in obese T2D patients.

Incorporating MRs into a weight loss intervention leads to reductions in LDL cholesterol by -0.18 mmol/L.

Meal replacements may improve lipid profiles in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

The guidelines focus on cardiovascular risk stratification and management of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes.

Focus on cardiovascular risk factors is essential for diabetes management.