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Reductions in fat mass (FM) by 10% are associated with a lower risk of kidney outcomes (adjusted HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.94) in participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the intensive lifestyle intervention group.

Practitioners should consider promoting fat loss as a strategy to reduce kidney disease risk in patients with T2DM.

Reductions in waist circumference (WC) by 10% are associated with a lower risk of kidney outcomes (adjusted HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.88) in participants with overweight/obesity and T2DM in the intensive lifestyle intervention group.

Practitioners should encourage reductions in waist circumference to help lower kidney disease risk in T2DM patients.

Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is more effective than medical therapy in ameliorating the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Practitioners should consider RYGB as a more effective treatment option for obese patients with T2D compared to medical therapy.

After 5 weeks of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), patients with Cushing's disease (CD) experienced a significant decrease in BMI (p=0.002), waist circumference (WC) (p=0.024), systolic (p=0.015) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.005), ACTH (p=0.026), cortisone (p=0.025), total (p=0.006) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.017), triglycerides (p=0.016), alkaline phosphatase (p=0.008) and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (p=0.017), vitamin D (p=0.015) and oral disposition index (Dio)(p=0.004).

Implementing a VLCKD may significantly improve metabolic health in patients with Cushing's disease.

A significant decrease in BMI (p=0.003), waist circumference (p=0.002), systolic (p=0.025) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.007) and total cholesterol (p=0.026) and increase in HDL cholesterol (p=0.001) and oral disposition index (Dio)(p<0.001) was observed in controls after the diet.

A ketogenic diet may also benefit metabolic health in individuals without Cushing's disease.

The study confirms that a ketogenic diet is effective in improving metabolic disorders and can be combined with conventional therapy for Cushing's disease.

Combining a ketogenic diet with standard treatment may enhance metabolic outcomes in Cushing's disease patients.

GLP-1 receptor agonist patients experienced greater weight loss (7.8 kg) compared to controls (0.5 kg), with statistical significance (p<0.001).

Weight management strategies may be more effective in patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Increased protein and energy intake is recommended during the preparatory phase to support muscle mass development.

Increase protein and energy intake during the preparatory phase for muscle development.

Semaglutide treatment led to a weight decrease of 16 kg and a 36% reduction in insulin dose after 6 months in a patient with type 1 diabetes.

Semaglutide may be a beneficial treatment option for weight management in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Weight loss by any means has been consistently shown to result in a rapid and marked improvement of metabolic disturbances.

Encouraging weight loss can lead to significant health improvements.

334 participants showed significant improvement in bodyweight (-3.4±6.6 kg), body mass index (-1.0±2.0 kg/m2), waist circumference (-3.8±6.4 cm), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-5.6±18.0/-3.3±12.8 mm Hg), physical capacity (+11.4±32.6 Watt), total cholesterol (-0.16±0.94 mmol/l), HDL (+0.04±0.23 mmol/l), LDL (-0.16±0.80 mmol/l), uric acid (-31.2±69.3 μmol/l) and hemoglobin A1c (-0.13±0.52%).

The intervention led to measurable health improvements, suggesting that similar programs could be beneficial for military personnel.

Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Encouraging physical activity is crucial for preventing insulin resistance.

Physical inactivity is significantly associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Promoting physical activity can help improve glucose tolerance in the population.

Delaying breakfast to 0930 or 1200 h is a low-cost strategy to improve glycaemic management in people with type 2 diabetes.

Healthcare providers can suggest delaying breakfast as a simple and cost-effective method for improving glycaemic control.

The plyometric training group showed a significant reduction in oxygen consumption (VO2) at 18 km.h-1 compared to the control group.

Plyometric training may lead to lower oxygen costs during high-speed running.

Modern dual and triple agonists achieve surgical-level metabolic benefits, redefining diabetes and obesity care.

These agonists may offer new treatment options for diabetes and obesity.

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) has demonstrated durable weight loss, favorable safety, and superior cost-effectiveness compared to pharmacotherapy alone.

Practitioners may consider ESG as a viable option for patients seeking effective weight loss.

Semaglutide treatment resulted in significant reductions in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and HbA1c.

Practitioners can consider semaglutide as an effective treatment for reducing BMI and improving glycemic control in obese T2DM patients.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.

Clinicians should consider bariatric surgery as a primary treatment option for patients with T2DM and obesity.

Metabolic surgery, intensive lifestyle modification, and pharmacologic approaches are viable options for achieving diabetes remission.

Practitioners should consider these options early in the disease course for better outcomes.

Comprehensive management of diabetic nephropathy includes lifestyle interventions and medication selection.

Practitioners should implement lifestyle changes alongside medication for effective management.

Canagliflozin results in weight loss and reduction of blood pressure.

Incorporating canagliflozin may aid in weight management and blood pressure control for diabetic patients.

The management of MASLD in patients with T2D includes dietary and behavioral management, pharmacological treatment, and bariatric procedures.

Practitioners should consider a comprehensive management approach for diabetic patients with MASLD.

Low volume sprint-interval training (SIT) induces skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations comparable to high volume endurance training (ET) after 6 weeks.

Practitioners can recommend SIT as an effective alternative to traditional endurance training for metabolic benefits.