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The SASI group had a total weight loss of 37.0% compared to 29.7% in the SG group at 12 months after surgery.

Practitioners may consider SASI for enhanced weight loss in severely obese patients.

The SASI group achieved a lower BMI of 23.4 ± 2.6 kg/m² compared to 24.6 ± 2.9 kg/m² in the SG group at 12 months.

Lower BMI in the SASI group suggests it may be more effective for weight management.

The 12-month difference in VAT loss between diets attenuated to 5.5 cm².

Long-term adherence to dietary interventions may yield diminishing returns in VAT loss.

Phentermine/topiramate ER treatment improved glucose regulation, lipid profiles, and decreased blood pressure.

The treatment may enhance metabolic health in obese patients.

Weight gain during adulthood was associated with significantly increased risk of major chronic diseases.

Practitioners should counsel patients on the risks associated with weight gain throughout adulthood.

Weight gain is linked to increased incidence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Monitoring weight gain may be essential for preventing chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension.

Obesity was associated with an increased risk of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) among women, with a multivariable relative risk (RR) of 1.93 for obese women (BMI ≥30.0).

Practitioners should consider obesity as a significant risk factor for early-onset CRC in women.

Weight gain since 18 years of age is associated with an increased risk of early-onset CRC, with a RR of 2.15 for women gaining 40.0 kg or more.

Monitoring weight gain in young women may help in early CRC risk assessment.

Prediabetes is associated with increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular events, and mortality.

Healthcare providers should monitor and manage prediabetes to reduce risks of diabetes and cardiovascular events.

Metformin decreased the risk of diabetes among individuals with prediabetes by 3.2 cases per 100 person-years during 3 years.

Metformin can be an effective option for certain individuals at risk of diabetes.

Obesity contributes to poor health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and over 2.8 million deaths each year.

Healthcare providers should prioritize obesity management to improve health outcomes.

People living with overweight/obesity are at greater risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Clinicians should assess cardiovascular risk in patients with obesity.

At 7 years, HbA1c decreased by 1.6% in the bariatric surgery group compared to a decrease of 0.2% in the medical/lifestyle management group.

Bariatric surgery may lead to significantly better long-term glycemic control compared to medical management.

Diabetes remission rates were higher in the bariatric surgery group, with 18.2% achieving remission at 7 years compared to 6.2% in the medical/lifestyle group.

Bariatric surgery may significantly increase the likelihood of diabetes remission compared to medical management.

A diet with a high glycemic index is associated with an increased risk of a major cardiovascular event or death, with a hazard ratio of 1.51 among participants with preexisting cardiovascular disease and 1.21 among those without such disease.

Practitioners should consider advising patients to limit high glycemic index foods to reduce cardiovascular risk.

A high glycemic index diet is associated with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular causes.

High glycemic index diets may increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality, suggesting dietary modifications could be beneficial.

Certain subgroups of UPF, such as refined breads and sugar-sweetened beverages, are associated with higher T2D risk.

Focus on limiting intake of specific UPF subgroups to mitigate T2D risk.

Bariatric surgery was associated with a lower incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with cardiovascular disease and obesity, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.58.

Bariatric surgery may significantly reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events in obese patients with heart disease.

Dietary intake of marine omega-3 PUFAs and replacing SFAs with plant MUFAs or linoleic acid were associated with lower total, CVD, and certain cause-specific mortality.

Incorporating these fats into the diet may reduce mortality risk.

Isocalorically replacing 5% of the energy from SFAs with plant MUFAs was associated with 15%, 10%, 11%, and 30% lower total mortality, CVD, cancer, and respiratory disease mortality, respectively.

Replacing SFAs with plant MUFAs can significantly lower mortality risks.

The significant between-group differences in glycemic control were maintained at 12-month follow-up.

Long-term adherence to the PPT diet may provide sustained benefits for glycemic control.

Change in apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) over time was related to amount of weight loss, baseline AHI, and intervention independent of weight change.

Understanding these relationships can help tailor interventions for better OSA management.

Metformin is the most studied pharmacological treatment for the prevention and treatment of PDWG.

Metformin may be a viable option for managing weight gain associated with psychiatric medications.

Mycoprotein consumption can lower circulating cholesterol concentrations.

Mycoprotein may be recommended for individuals looking to manage cholesterol levels.