Browse the evidence

High intake of linoleic acid (LA) was associated with a 6% lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (summary relative risk [RR] 0.94, 95% CI 0.90, 0.99).

Encouraging higher dietary intake of linoleic acid may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Each 5% increment in energy from LA intake was associated with a 10% lower risk of T2DM.

Increasing energy intake from linoleic acid could further lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Elevated concentrations of LA in the body were significantly associated with a lower risk of T2DM (summary RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80, 0.90).

Monitoring and increasing body concentrations of linoleic acid may help reduce diabetes risk.

Improvement or remission of diabetes occurred in 68%, hypertension in 61%, and dyslipidemia in 57% of the entire cohort.

Bariatric surgery can lead to significant improvements in obesity-related comorbidities.

All trial arms had significant reductions in weight and hemoglobin A1c levels from baseline, but no significant differences were found between intervention arms and the control arm.

While all interventions led to weight and A1c reductions, the lack of differences suggests that any intervention may be beneficial.

Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and unhealthy diet moderately contribute to incident diabetes with population-attributable fractions of 8.59%, 6.35%, and 4.47%, respectively.

Encouraging physical activity and healthy eating can reduce diabetes risk in older adults.

Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and current smoking significantly contribute to the risk of major cardiovascular events with population-attributable fractions of 13.34%, 8.70%, and 3.38%, respectively.

Promoting a healthy lifestyle can lower the risk of cardiovascular events in older adults.

Risks of new-onset diabetes and major cardiovascular events increase simultaneously with worsening lifestyle and metabolic health status.

Monitoring and improving lifestyle and metabolic health can mitigate risks of diabetes and cardiovascular events.

There is a strong correlation between differential glycaemic exposure and cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes.

Practitioners should consider glycaemic exposure as a key factor in managing cardiovascular risk in diabetes.

A minimum study duration and a minimum gain in HbA1c reduction are necessary to drive a relevant risk reduction in CVD risk.

Clinical interventions should focus on achieving significant HbA1c reductions over adequate durations to effectively reduce cardiovascular risk.

The LCD arm increased HDL and reduced triglycerides and HbA1c with no difference in total cholesterol or glucose.

A low-carbohydrate diet may improve certain metabolic markers in men with recurrent prostate cancer.

Calorie restriction did not compromise aerobic capacity as measured by V˙O2max in healthy nonobese adults.

Calorie restriction can be safely implemented without negatively affecting aerobic fitness.

Calorie restriction led to decreases in absolute muscle strength but increases when expressed relative to body mass.

Practitioners should consider the relative strength improvements when advising on calorie restriction.

The risk of MACE decreases after approximately 20% of weight loss in nonsurgical patients.

Practitioners should aim for at least 20% weight loss in nonsurgical patients to reduce cardiovascular risk.

Superior muscle gains might be achieved with a single set of drop sets compared to three sets of conventional resistance training.

Practitioners may consider incorporating drop sets for potentially greater muscle gains in less time.

Increasing polyunsaturated fat intake in place of carbohydrates is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 0.90 per 5% of energy).

Replacing carbohydrates with polyunsaturated fats may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

There is a U-shaped association between the percentage energy consumed from total carbohydrate and new-onset hypertension, with the lowest risk observed at 50% to 55% carbohydrate intake.

Practitioners should consider recommending a balanced carbohydrate intake of 50% to 55% to minimize hypertension risk.

Increased risks of new-onset hypertension were mainly found in those with lower intake of high-quality carbohydrate or higher intake of low-quality carbohydrate.

Encouraging higher intake of high-quality carbohydrates may help reduce hypertension risk.

There is an inverse association between plant-based low-carbohydrate scores for low-quality carbohydrate and new-onset hypertension.

Incorporating more plant-based low-carbohydrate foods may be beneficial for hypertension prevention.

Model predictions of relative skeletal muscle changes with caloric restriction were validated in longitudinal studies.

The validation of these models can help practitioners predict muscle loss during caloric restriction more accurately.

Lifestyle measures and various drugs can reduce CVD risk in T2DM patients.

Implementing lifestyle changes and appropriate medications can help manage cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients.

Resting metabolic rate decreased from 1,345 kcal·d at baseline to a low value of 1,119 kcal·d between competitions, then increased to 1,435 kcal·d by the end of recovery.

Practitioners should be aware of the potential for metabolic adaptation during contest preparation and recovery.

High glycemic load (GL) is associated with greater coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 for the highest vs. lowest quintile and HR of 1.18 per 50 g/day of GL intake.

Practitioners should consider the impact of high glycemic load foods on heart disease risk.

High available carbohydrate intake is associated with greater CHD risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.11 per 50 g/day.

High carbohydrate diets may increase the risk of coronary heart disease.