Browse the evidence

Low-carbohydrate conditions resulted in twofold higher free fatty acid concentrations compared to high-carbohydrate conditions.

Practitioners should note that low-carbohydrate diets can lead to increased free fatty acid levels, which may influence fat metabolism.

High intake of linoleic acid (LA) was associated with a 6% lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (summary relative risk [RR] 0.94, 95% CI 0.90, 0.99).

Encouraging higher dietary intake of linoleic acid may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Each 5% increment in energy from LA intake was associated with a 10% lower risk of T2DM.

Increasing energy intake from linoleic acid could further lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Elevated concentrations of LA in the body were significantly associated with a lower risk of T2DM (summary RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80, 0.90).

Monitoring and increasing body concentrations of linoleic acid may help reduce diabetes risk.

Resistance training reduces whole-body protein turnover as indicated by a decrease in nitrogen flux from 0.9 +/- 0.1 to 0.6 +/- 0.1 g N.kg(-1).d(-1).

Resistance training may lead to lower protein turnover, suggesting dietary protein needs may decrease.

Urinary nitrogen balance increased from 2.8 +/- 1.7 to 6.5 +/- 0.9 g N.d(-1) after resistance training.

An increase in urinary nitrogen balance indicates better protein retention, which may affect dietary protein needs.

The rate of fat oxidation increased significantly on day 4 after the high-fat diet.

A high-fat diet can enhance fat oxidation rates in endurance athletes.

Replacing carbohydrate (CHO) with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) slowed the time trials from 66.8 +/- 0.4 min to 72.1 +/- 0.6 min (P < 0.001).

Endurance athletes should be cautious about replacing carbohydrates with MCTs as it may impair performance.

Adding MCTs to ingested CHO reduced total CHO oxidation rates from 14 +/- 1 to 10 +/- 1 mmol/min at 2 h (P < 0.01).

Incorporating MCTs may lead to a reduced reliance on carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged exercise.

Increases in muscle hexokinase (HK) activity were complete by 5D (P<0.01).

Hexokinase activity increases rapidly with endurance training, indicating enhanced glucose metabolism.

Improvement or remission of diabetes occurred in 68%, hypertension in 61%, and dyslipidemia in 57% of the entire cohort.

Bariatric surgery can lead to significant improvements in obesity-related comorbidities.

Fat-free body mass explains 82% of the variance in resting metabolic rate (RMR).

Understanding the role of fat-free mass can help in designing weight management strategies.

All trial arms had significant reductions in weight and hemoglobin A1c levels from baseline, but no significant differences were found between intervention arms and the control arm.

While all interventions led to weight and A1c reductions, the lack of differences suggests that any intervention may be beneficial.

Ingestion of long-chain triglyceride (LCT) solutions or infusion of intralipid before exercise leads to significant reductions in whole-body carbohydrate oxidation and decreased muscle glycogen utilization during moderate and intense dynamic exercise lasting 15-60 min.

Incorporating LCT solutions or intralipid infusions may help reduce carbohydrate usage during exercise.

24-h carbohydrate oxidation was significantly elevated on exercise days compared with a nonexercise control day.

Exercise increases carbohydrate oxidation, which may be beneficial for energy management.

The experimental group experienced significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared to the control group.

Implementing group visits can lead to improved lipid profiles in CAD patients.

Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and unhealthy diet moderately contribute to incident diabetes with population-attributable fractions of 8.59%, 6.35%, and 4.47%, respectively.

Encouraging physical activity and healthy eating can reduce diabetes risk in older adults.

Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and current smoking significantly contribute to the risk of major cardiovascular events with population-attributable fractions of 13.34%, 8.70%, and 3.38%, respectively.

Promoting a healthy lifestyle can lower the risk of cardiovascular events in older adults.

Risks of new-onset diabetes and major cardiovascular events increase simultaneously with worsening lifestyle and metabolic health status.

Monitoring and improving lifestyle and metabolic health can mitigate risks of diabetes and cardiovascular events.

There is a strong correlation between differential glycaemic exposure and cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes.

Practitioners should consider glycaemic exposure as a key factor in managing cardiovascular risk in diabetes.

A minimum study duration and a minimum gain in HbA1c reduction are necessary to drive a relevant risk reduction in CVD risk.

Clinical interventions should focus on achieving significant HbA1c reductions over adequate durations to effectively reduce cardiovascular risk.

The incidence of microvascular complications was significantly reduced in the surgery group (11.5%) compared to the control group (46.3%).

Surgical management may significantly lower the risk of microvascular complications in diabetic patients.

The LCD arm increased HDL and reduced triglycerides and HbA1c with no difference in total cholesterol or glucose.

A low-carbohydrate diet may improve certain metabolic markers in men with recurrent prostate cancer.

Leptin-treated subjects had higher fat oxidation than controls after weight loss.

Leptin replacement may enhance fat oxidation in patients with congenital leptin deficiency after weight loss.