Browse the evidence

NAC pretreatment dampens acute episodes of oxidative stress through reversible perturbations in global metabolism.

NAC could be used as a preventive measure against oxidative stress during intense physical activity.

The metabolic adaptation was significantly and independently related to the changes in 24-h leptin (r(2) = 0.22, P < 0.01).

Changes in leptin levels are important for understanding metabolic adaptations during caloric restriction.

The majority of studies do not support an adverse effect of weight cycling on metabolism.

Practitioners can reassure clients that weight cycling may not negatively impact metabolism.

Mathematical models help integrate experimental data in humans to understand energy and macronutrient imbalances.

Practitioners can leverage these models to better analyze and address energy imbalances in clients.

Caffeine co-ingested with either carbohydrate or fat meals has no additive effect on substrate utilization or exercise performance.

Caffeine may not provide additional benefits for endurance performance when consumed with carbohydrates or fats.

An extra 7% of the variance in RMR is related to family membership.

Family history should be considered in metabolic assessments and interventions.

Obesity in the Pima Indian community may be a consequence of a 'thrifty genotype.'

Genetic predispositions should be considered in obesity prevention and treatment strategies.

24-hour respiratory quotient (RQ) is inversely related to muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA).

Understanding the inverse relationship can help in designing interventions for weight management.

There were no significant differences in basal metabolic rate (BMR) between trained and untrained subjects (1,808 +/- 342 vs. 1,709 +/- 329 kcal).

Endurance training does not significantly influence basal metabolic rate.

No relationship was found between maximal aerobic capacity and metabolic rate adjusted for differences in fat-free mass and fat mass.

Maximal aerobic capacity does not predict metabolic rate in sedentary individuals.

The metabolic syndrome should be redefined as a fat storage condition to better align with its etiology.

Practitioners should consider the implications of redefining metabolic syndrome for treatment strategies.

Increased fatty acid availability does not systematically improve exercise capacity despite substantial muscle glycogen sparing (15-48% compared with control).

Increased fat availability may not enhance performance, even with reduced glycogen use.

The effects of increased fatty acid provision on rates of muscle glucose uptake during exercise are equivocal.

The impact of fat availability on glucose uptake during exercise remains unclear.

Neither exercise produced an increase in 24-h fat oxidation above that observed on a nonexercise control day.

Exercise may not enhance fat oxidation beyond resting levels, suggesting a need for varied strategies for fat loss.

Two weeks of reduced-volume sprint interval training (SIT) did not improve metabolic functioning in sedentary obese men.

Short-term exercise interventions may not be sufficient to induce metabolic changes in sedentary obese individuals.

Leptin replacement prevented the decrease in energy expenditure after weight loss in congenital leptin-deficient subjects.

Leptin replacement therapy may be beneficial for maintaining energy expenditure in patients with congenital leptin deficiency after weight loss.

Tirzepatide improved glucose control in overweight and obese patients with type 1 diabetes.

Tirzepatide may be beneficial for improving glycemic control in this demographic.

Prolonged fasting resulted in a significant decrease in carbohydrate oxidation after a normal mixed meal.

Practitioners should consider the effects of prolonged fasting on carbohydrate metabolism when designing nutrition plans.

Resting energy expenditure (REE) decreased during underfeeding by 100 +/- 29 kcal/day (P less than 0.01).

Practitioners should consider that energy expenditure decreases with dietary restriction.

The obesity paradox was observed among people with type 2 diabetes, with an adjusted hazard ratio for obese vs. normal BMI of 0.78 (95% CI 0.65, 0.95).

Healthcare providers should consider the implications of obesity on mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Smoking status consistently modified the adiposity-mortality relationship.

Practitioners should consider smoking status when evaluating the risks associated with obesity.

Exercised rats exhibited the trafficking of dietary fat toward oxidation and away from storage in adipose tissue.

Regular exercise may enhance fat oxidation and reduce fat storage, beneficial for weight management.

Controlled, home-based exercise training had only minor effects on the cardiovascular risk profile in CAD patients with T2D.

While exercise training is beneficial for capacity, it may not significantly alter CV risk factors in CAD patients with T2D.

Serum acylcarnitines increase with caloric restriction alone but not with caloric restriction plus exercise despite similar weight loss.

Practitioners should note that caloric restriction alone may lead to different metabolic responses compared to caloric restriction combined with exercise.