Browse the evidence

There is a call for increased efforts in the prevention of chronic diseases, particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Health practitioners should prioritize chronic disease prevention strategies.

MRs significantly reduce glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels by 0.24%.

Using meal replacements can lead to better long-term glucose management.

MRs cause a greater decrease in FBS, insulin, and HOMA-IR in individuals over 50 years old compared to those aged 50 years or younger.

Older adults may benefit more from meal replacements in terms of glucose metabolism.

The primary outcome of the RESTART trial is a change in cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O 2max) at 24 months.

Monitoring changes in cardiorespiratory fitness can be crucial for assessing the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions.

Weight increases of 1.0% to 2.9%, 3.0% to 4.9%, and 5.0% or greater are associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes by 15%, 35%, and 51%, respectively.

Weight gain should be avoided to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

The GTSS group had significantly lower postprandial glucose excursion compared to the standardized breakfast group.

GTSS may provide a more stable postprandial glucose response compared to standard breakfasts.

Acute data generally show that muscle activation and training volume do not differ between supersets and traditional resistance training.

Both training methods can be considered equally effective in terms of muscle activation and volume.

A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Monitoring BMI can be crucial for preventing CKD in at-risk populations.

Food insecurity is associated with reduced dietary quality and excess weight gain.

Practitioners should consider the impact of food insecurity on dietary quality when addressing obesity.

There are two primary types of interventions tested for obesity among individuals with food insecurity: behavioral weight loss counseling and subsidies for food.

Interventions for obesity in food-insecure populations should include behavioral counseling and food subsidies.

Plasma essential amino acid concentrations increased after protein ingestion, but did not differ between recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin (rBLG) and whey.

Both rBLG and whey can effectively increase amino acid levels post-ingestion, making them viable protein sources.

There is evidence for the association between intake of high-quality carbohydrates and body weight.

Practitioners should encourage the consumption of high-quality carbohydrates for weight management.

Ultra processed foods are rich in sugar, fat, and sodium but poor in bioactive compounds, micronutrients, and fibers.

Practitioners should be aware of the poor nutritional profile of ultra processed foods.

Participants who completed the weight loss program maintained their weight loss (+0.6 ± 3.5 kg) from week 15 to week 30.

Sustained weight loss can be achieved through structured weight loss programs in cancer survivors.

Chronic nutritional carbohydrate overload has disruptive metabolic effects and detrimental health consequences.

Reducing carbohydrate intake may improve metabolic health.

Intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, exercise, and ketogenic diet have positive metabolic effects through modulation of redox homeostasis.

Incorporating these practices may enhance metabolic health.

Family member participation in the intervention expands the possibilities for lasting lifestyle changes.

Encouraging family involvement can enhance the effectiveness of obesity treatment programs.

MWLP patients lost on average 2.35 ± 5.88 kg in 6 months compared to their baseline weight.

MWLP may be an effective intervention for weight loss in primary care settings.

The effectiveness of home-based exercise interventions is negatively influenced by inadequate dosing and adherence.

Practitioners should ensure proper dosing and encourage adherence in home exercise programs.

There are significant associations between 'high-protein and high-carbohydrate' patterns and elevated predicted 10-year CVD risk in T2D patients.

Practitioners should consider the long-term implications of dietary choices on CVD risk for patients with T2D.

High sodium intake above 4,000 mg/d leads to a linear increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP).

Practitioners should be aware that high sodium intake can significantly affect blood pressure.

Sodium intake below 1,200 mg/d cannot maintain homeostasis.

Practitioners should recognize that insufficient sodium intake can lead to physiological imbalances.

Cost sharing was associated with significantly greater initial engagement compared to total subsidy (OR 3.73, P < 0.001).

Implementing cost sharing may enhance initial engagement in weight-loss programs.

Mass media + total subsidy group had significantly greater calls and weight loss at 12 months compared to mixed campaign + total subsidy (-2.6% vs -1.8%, P = 0.04).

Using mass media campaigns alongside total subsidies may improve participation and weight loss outcomes.