Browse the evidence

A high-protein low-fat (HPLF) diet during short-term weight loss may be more effective at mitigating mood disturbance, fatigue, diet dissatisfaction, and stress than a moderate-protein moderate-fat (MPMF) diet.

Practitioners may consider recommending a high-protein low-fat diet for athletes aiming to lose weight while minimizing stress and fatigue.

Policies and practices focused on reducing portion size could help discourage excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods.

Implementing portion size reduction strategies may be beneficial for public health.

Powerlifters can accurately select loads to reach a prescribed RPE.

Trainers can trust that powerlifters are capable of selecting appropriate loads based on RPE.

Accuracy for 8-repetition sets at 8 RPE may be better for bench press compared with squat.

Coaches may need to adjust load prescriptions differently for bench press and squat.

Squat power was closer to the target RPE in week 3 compared to week 1.

Progressive training may enhance load selection accuracy for squat over time.

For diabetes remission in newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD), the recommended macronutrient composition is 49-54% carbohydrates, 19-20% protein, and 21-26% fat.

Practitioners should consider these macronutrient ratios when advising patients with newly diagnosed diabetes.

For prediabetes (PD) remission to normal glucose tolerance (NGT), the recommended macronutrient composition is 50-56% carbohydrates, 18-20% protein, and 21-27% fat.

Practitioners should consider these macronutrient ratios when advising patients with prediabetes.

To prevent progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance groups, the recommended macronutrient compositions are 54-57% carbohydrates, 16-20% protein, and 20-24% fat for prediabetes, and 56-60% carbohydrates, 14-17% protein, and 20-24% fat for normal glucose tolerance.

Practitioners should consider these macronutrient ratios when advising patients at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Obesity increases the risk for Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.

Healthcare providers should prioritize weight management in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Recent guidelines prioritize pharmacologic interventions for weight management in Type 2 diabetes.

Healthcare providers should consider pharmacologic options for weight management in diabetic patients.

Replacing 5% energy from animal fat with 5% energy from plant fat is associated with a 4% to 24% reduction in overall mortality and a 5% to 30% reduction in CVD mortality.

Encouraging dietary fat substitution can significantly reduce mortality risks.

Full ROM and pROM performed in the initial part of the ROM elicited greater muscle hypertrophy of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps brachii, and brachialis distal sites (between-groups ES: 0.20-0.90) than pROM performed in the final part of the ROM.

When designing resistance training programs for hypertrophy, consider using full ROM and initial pROM for optimal muscle growth.

fROM elicited greater muscle growth on the gluteus maximus and adductors than pROM in the final part of the ROM (between-groups ES: 0.24-0.25).

Incorporate full ROM exercises for targeting gluteus maximus and adductors for better hypertrophy outcomes.

Initial pROM produced more favorable proximal rectus femoris hypertrophy than fROM (between-groups ES: 0.35-0.38).

Utilize initial pROM for enhancing hypertrophy of the proximal rectus femoris in training programs.

The intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) reduced REM-AHI and NREM-AHI during the 4-year follow-up compared to the diabetes support and education (DSE) control group.

Implementing an intensive lifestyle intervention can significantly improve sleep apnea severity in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Resistance exercise is often as effective as aerobic exercise for many aspects of health.

Health and fitness professionals should consider resistance exercise as a primary form of exercise for health benefits.

Resistance exercise participation can benefit several health aspects including cardiorespiratory health, vascular health, muscle oxidative capacity, mental health, muscle hypertrophy, strength, and power.

Encourage clients to engage in resistance exercise for a wide range of health benefits.

Strategies like monitoring, action planning, and highlighting benefits can help clients stick to their resistance exercise program.

Implement these strategies to enhance client adherence to resistance exercise.

Lifestyle interventions should be the first line of defense against the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Practitioners should prioritize lifestyle modifications in T2D prevention strategies.

The increased prevalence of chronic diseases is mainly derived from ultra-processed foods.

Reducing the consumption of ultra-processed foods may help in preventing chronic diseases.

A 3-year healthy eating and physical activity intervention improves several cardiometabolic risk markers in men despite partial body weight regain.

Practitioners can implement long-term lifestyle interventions to improve cardiometabolic health in similar populations.

Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) contribute to reductions in visceral and estimated liver fat over the long term.

Enhancing CRF should be a focus in interventions aimed at reducing visceral fat.

Aerobic conditioning (AC) prior to resistance training (RT) increases type I, type II, and mixed-fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in healthy young men and women.

Incorporating aerobic conditioning before resistance training may enhance muscle growth.

Aerobic conditioning prior to resistance training increases satellite cell (SC) content, activation, and differentiation.

Enhancing SC content through aerobic conditioning may improve muscle adaptation to resistance training.