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Reductions in fat mass (FM) by 10% are associated with a lower risk of kidney outcomes (adjusted HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.94) in participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the intensive lifestyle intervention group.

Practitioners should consider promoting fat loss as a strategy to reduce kidney disease risk in patients with T2DM.

Reductions in waist circumference (WC) by 10% are associated with a lower risk of kidney outcomes (adjusted HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.88) in participants with overweight/obesity and T2DM in the intensive lifestyle intervention group.

Practitioners should encourage reductions in waist circumference to help lower kidney disease risk in T2DM patients.

Weight loss of significant magnitude in patients who are overweight or obese can reduce the incidence of chronic disease, such as cardiovascular disease.

Encouraging weight loss in overweight or obese patients can lead to better health outcomes.

Single-set resistance training performed to failure elicits greater hypertrophy gains compared to submaximal effort, although differences are modest.

Practitioners may consider incorporating training to failure for enhanced muscle growth.

Both training to failure and submaximal effort result in similar increases in strength and local muscular endurance.

Both training methods can be effective for improving strength and endurance.

Both low-load and high-load resistance training produce similar increases in muscle size provided the training sets are performed to muscle failure.

Practitioners can consider both low and high loads effective for muscle growth if training to failure.

High-load resistance training elicits greater hypertrophy of both type I and type II muscle fibres than low-load training.

High-load training may be more beneficial for hypertrophying both muscle fiber types.

People definitely lose weight on low-carbohydrate diets.

Low-carbohydrate diets can lead to initial weight loss.

Short-term resistance training combined with leucine-enriched protein supplementation increases integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates in young adults.

Incorporating leucine-enriched protein bars may enhance muscle protein synthesis during resistance training.

Short-term resistance training increases integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) compared to rest.

Resistance training is effective for increasing muscle protein synthesis.

Leucine-enriched protein supplementation enhances anabolic protein signaling compared to rest.

Supplementing with leucine can improve anabolic signaling during resistance training.

Multi-ingredient supplementation (MIS) resulted in a greater increase in type II fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) following 10 weeks of resistance exercise training (RET) compared to collagen supplementation (COL) (effect size = 0.89).

Practitioners may consider recommending multi-ingredient protein supplements to enhance muscle fiber growth during resistance training.

Sodium bicarbonate ingestion increased the number of repetitions performed in the third set of the bench press exercise (g: 0.30; p = 0.046).

Ingesting sodium bicarbonate may enhance performance in resistance training, particularly in later sets.

Sodium bicarbonate ingestion increased the total number of repetitions performed throughout all 3 sets in the bench press exercise (g: 0.23; p = 0.04).

Sodium bicarbonate may improve overall performance in resistance training sessions.

Sodium bicarbonate ingestion increased peak power in the second set of the bench press exercise (g: 0.19; p = 0.03).

Sodium bicarbonate may enhance peak power output during resistance training.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) help manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by controlling blood sugar and promoting weight loss.

GLP-1RAs can be considered as a treatment option for patients with T2DM who need to manage blood sugar and weight.

A dietary score derived from 18 food groups is inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, with a hazard ratio of 0.73.

Practitioners should consider dietary patterns that align with a Mediterranean diet to reduce heart disease risk.

More participants became pregnant in the low-volume HIT (LV-HIT) group than in the control group.

This indicates that low-volume HIT may have a positive effect on fertility in women with PCOS.

Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is more effective than medical therapy in ameliorating the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Practitioners should consider RYGB as a more effective treatment option for obese patients with T2D compared to medical therapy.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have transformed the management of obesity and provide unprecedented efficacy and acceptable safety in weight reduction and glycemic control.

Practitioners can consider GLP-1RAs as effective options for managing obesity and glycemic control in patients.

After 5 weeks of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), patients with Cushing's disease (CD) experienced a significant decrease in BMI (p=0.002), waist circumference (WC) (p=0.024), systolic (p=0.015) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.005), ACTH (p=0.026), cortisone (p=0.025), total (p=0.006) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.017), triglycerides (p=0.016), alkaline phosphatase (p=0.008) and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (p=0.017), vitamin D (p=0.015) and oral disposition index (Dio)(p=0.004).

Implementing a VLCKD may significantly improve metabolic health in patients with Cushing's disease.

A significant decrease in BMI (p=0.003), waist circumference (p=0.002), systolic (p=0.025) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.007) and total cholesterol (p=0.026) and increase in HDL cholesterol (p=0.001) and oral disposition index (Dio)(p<0.001) was observed in controls after the diet.

A ketogenic diet may also benefit metabolic health in individuals without Cushing's disease.

The study confirms that a ketogenic diet is effective in improving metabolic disorders and can be combined with conventional therapy for Cushing's disease.

Combining a ketogenic diet with standard treatment may enhance metabolic outcomes in Cushing's disease patients.

110 subjects (78.5%) lost ≥5% of their initial body weight during 3 months.

Practitioners can expect that a significant portion of overweight and obese adults can achieve at least 5% weight loss with appropriate interventions.