Browse the evidence

Semaglutide and tirzepatide improve symptoms and functional capacity in obesity-related heart failure of preserved ejection fraction and reduce worsening heart failure events.

Practitioners can use semaglutide and tirzepatide to improve heart failure symptoms in patients with obesity.

Metabolic bariatric surgery is associated with durable weight loss and lower observed rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure, and all-cause mortality compared with non-surgical care.

Practitioners can consider metabolic bariatric surgery as an effective option for achieving weight loss and reducing cardiovascular risks.

Stroke is inversely associated with fat intake from supplements and PUFA intake from diet.

Increasing intake of specific fats, particularly PUFA, may help in stroke prevention.

The incidence of using hypoglycemic drugs was 36.15% in the plate model compared to 75.54% in the low-fat model (P<0.001).

Implementing the plate model may significantly reduce the need for hypoglycemic medications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.

A median SPAN score (52.8) was associated with a 41% lower risk of MACE (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.70).

Practitioners should aim for a balanced SPAN score to lower cardiovascular event risk.

For the low-fat diet, income, leptin, education, low-density lipoprotein, and dietary adherence at baseline are significant predictors of weight loss success.

Practitioners should assess these factors when advising on low-fat diets.

Higher consumption of animal-based foods may mitigate the risk of elevated TyG among women.

Encouraging a balanced intake of animal-based foods may be beneficial for women at risk of elevated TyG.

The quality of lipids improved in women and among individuals reporting some away-from-home food consumption.

Practitioners should note that lipid quality may improve with certain consumption patterns, particularly in women.

Changes in chest muscle thickness did not statistically differ between resistance training with 4-6 RPE and 7-9 RPE.

Practitioners may consider that varying proximity to failure in resistance training does not significantly affect muscle thickness outcomes.

Powerlifters trained an average of 4.25 times per week, performing competition-style lifts at specific frequencies: squat 1.64 times, bench press 2.48 times, and deadlift 1.37 times per week.

Trainers should consider the average training frequency and specific lift focus when designing programs for powerlifters.

Programming decisions for competition lifts were influenced by athlete characteristics such as gender, age, and training status.

Coaches should consider individual athlete characteristics when designing training programs for powerlifters.

Small between group effect sizes were observed comparing 4-6 vs. 7-9+ RPE and 7-9 vs. 7-9+ RPE.

While differences exist, they are minimal, suggesting similar effectiveness across RPE levels.

Resistance training with 4-6 RPE and 7-9 RPE produces statistically ambiguous differences in muscle thickness changes at VL50.

Practitioners should consider that varying RPE levels may not lead to significant differences in muscle thickness.

Changes in muscle thickness at VL70 were observed in both RPE groups, with a small between-group effect size.

Both RPE levels can lead to changes in muscle thickness, though the effect size is small.

Trivial between-group effect size was observed for muscle thickness changes at VL50.

The minimal effect size suggests that both training approaches may yield similar outcomes in muscle thickness at VL50.

The absolute RIRDIFF was significantly greater when predicting 4RIR (0.993 ± 0.106) versus 1RIR (0.765 ± 0.080).

Practitioners should note that predicting RIR varies significantly based on the number of repetitions intended.

Raw RIRDIFF was significantly higher in weeks 1-4 compared to weeks 5-6 (all p ≤ 0.005).

Trainers may need to adjust RIR predictions as training progresses.

Subjects tended to overpredict RIR in lower repetition sets and underpredict RIR in higher repetition sets.

Practitioners should be aware that athletes may misjudge their effort based on the number of repetitions they are performing.

Trained men can predict RIR close to failure within less than 1 repetition of error under various conditions.

Athletes can accurately gauge their remaining repetitions close to failure, which can inform training intensity.

Resistance training with a 7-9 RPE may elicit marginally greater acute responses of CK and LDH than 4-6 RPE over time.

Practitioners may consider incorporating higher RPE levels to enhance muscle damage responses.

The 7-9 RPE group demonstrated a greater acute response of CK and LDH compared to the 4-6 RPE group.

Higher RPE training may be more effective for inducing muscle damage.

The model coefficient for the interaction of week by time point demonstrates evidence of the repeated bout effect for CK but not LDH.

Understanding the repeated bout effect can help in planning training cycles.

Diet composition influences energy expenditure, energy partitioning, and appetite control.

Practitioners should consider diet composition beyond just macronutrients.

Non-nutrient factors of the diet may influence appetite and energy intake as much as macronutrient composition.

Practitioners should explore non-nutrient factors when addressing appetite and energy intake.