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Approximately 72% of the population attributable fraction (PAF) for CVD and 69% of the PAF for deaths are attributable to 12 modifiable risk factors.

Addressing modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce CVD and mortality rates.

Increases in glycemic index and glycemic load were positively associated with weight gain.

Consider the glycemic index/load of carbohydrates when managing weight.

A 100 g/day increase in starch or added sugar was associated with 1.5 kg and 0.9 kg greater weight gain over four years, respectively.

Reducing starch and added sugar intake may help mitigate weight gain.

Increased carbohydrate intake from whole grains, fruit, and non-starchy vegetables was inversely associated with weight gain.

Encouraging whole grains, fruits, and non-starchy vegetables may aid in weight control.

Low-income Americans require greater efforts to improve their health than they currently receive.

Policymakers should prioritize health improvement initiatives for low-income populations.

Spontaneous physical activity is inversely associated with weight gain in prospective studies.

Increasing spontaneous physical activity may be a strategy to prevent weight gain.

Each 1-SD increase in TLCD score was associated with 0.06 kg more weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should consider the impact of total carbohydrate intake on weight management.

Each 1-SD increase in ALCD score was associated with 0.13 kg more weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should be aware of the potential weight gain associated with animal-based low-carbohydrate diets.

Each 1-SD increase in HLCD score was associated with 0.36 kg less weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should promote healthy low-carbohydrate diets to mitigate weight gain.

The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) was associated with mortality, showing a significant inverse relationship.

Practitioners may consider focusing on carbohydrate quality as it appears to influence mortality risk.

Improvements in soda consumption and BMI are concentrated among female and non-white respondents.

Targeted interventions may be necessary to address disparities in health outcomes.

Some smaller studies show a promising positive effect of nutritional interventions on muscle thickness and function.

There may be potential benefits of nutritional interventions for muscle thickness and function, but more research is needed.

Moderate carbohydrate intake was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and non-CV mortality among Hispanic participants.

Practitioners may consider moderate carbohydrate intake beneficial for Hispanic individuals regarding mortality risk.

Patients in the third quartile of overall lower-carbohydrate diet score had a 35% lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85) compared to the first quartile.

Encouraging adherence to a moderate lower-carbohydrate diet may reduce mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Adherence to a healthy lower-carbohydrate diet score is associated with lower mortality risk, with HRs of 0.78, 0.73, and 0.74 across quartiles compared to the reference.

Promoting healthy lower-carbohydrate dietary patterns may enhance longevity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Replacing 2% of energy from carbohydrates with plant-based protein or polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with 23% to approximately 37% lower total mortality.

Encouraging small dietary changes, such as substituting carbohydrates with plant-based proteins or healthy fats, may significantly lower mortality risk.

Obesity-targeted interventions are a novel treatment strategy for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Healthcare providers should explore obesity-targeted interventions in managing HFpEF.

Higher fat intake was associated with lower total mortality (Q5 vs. Q1, HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.69, 0.98]; p trend < 0.01).

Increasing dietary fat intake may be beneficial for longevity in Korean populations.

Higher ultra-processed food intake was associated with a higher risk of incident inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with a hazard ratio of 1.82 for ≥5 servings/day and 1.67 for 1–4 servings/day compared to <1 serving/day.

Practitioners should consider the impact of ultra-processed food consumption on the risk of IBD in their dietary recommendations.

Different subgroups of ultra-processed food including soft drinks, sweets, salty snacks, and processed meat were associated with higher hazard ratios for IBD.

Practitioners should be aware of the specific types of ultra-processed foods that may increase IBD risk.

Semaglutide treatment is associated with improvements in quality of life (DLQI) and depressive symptoms (BDI) after 6 months.

Improving psoriasis treatment may also enhance mental health and quality of life.

Emerging evidence suggests that combining IF and KD may offer synergistic metabolic effects.

Practitioners may explore the combination of IF and KD for enhanced metabolic benefits in patients.

Incretin analogs are preferred for overweight or obese patients according to the American Gastroenterological Association.

Providers should consider these guidelines when treating overweight or obese patients.

Weight gain increases the risk for atherosclerosis regardless of cardiovascular events status or overweight/obese at baseline.

Practitioners should be aware that weight gain is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis.