Browse the evidence

HMB demonstrated no significant effect on body mass (BM) in athletes.

Athletes should not expect HMB to significantly affect their body weight.

HMB has a small, nonsignificant effect on fat mass (FM) in athletes.

HMB may have a minimal effect on reducing fat mass, but it is not statistically significant.

Obesity and its associated conditions significantly impact healthcare systems, life expectancy, and quality of life.

Addressing obesity is crucial for improving healthcare outcomes and quality of life.

Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone, while GLP-1, GIP, CCK, PYY, and OXM are anorexigenic hormones.

Understanding the roles of these hormones can help in developing targeted interventions for appetite regulation.

Seven foods contributed 50% of total energy intake in the Mexican population aged 5 years and older.

Practitioners should focus on these key foods when addressing energy intake in dietary recommendations.

There is great heterogeneity in energy intake among different subgroups of the Mexican population.

Dietary interventions may need to be tailored to specific subgroups to be effective.

High-dose leucine supplementation did not enhance gains in muscle strength after a 12-week resistance training program.

Practitioners should consider that leucine supplementation may not provide additional benefits for muscle strength in adequately protein-fed individuals.

There were no differences in muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) gains between the leucine and alanine groups.

Leucine supplementation does not provide additional benefits for muscle size compared to alanine in resistance-trained individuals.

Treatment of wild-type mice with linolenic acid reduced food intake and body mass.

Using linolenic acid may help reduce food intake and body mass in certain contexts.

Treatment with semaglutide was associated with a significant odds of NAION (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.02-15.02).

Clinicians should monitor for NAION in patients treated with semaglutide.

Current evidence remains insufficient to establish definitive conclusions regarding the association of semaglutide with NAION.

Further research is needed to clarify the risk of NAION with semaglutide.

Weight loss had mixed associations with cognitive scores.

Weight loss may not uniformly benefit cognitive function, and effects can vary based on initial weight status.

Associations between improvements in glycemic control and cognitive performance may differ by adiposity and cardiovascular disease history.

Consider individual health profiles when assessing the impact of glycemic control on cognitive function.

Eccentric duration had no impact on rating of perceived exertion (RPE), range of motion (ROM), or barbell path.

Eccentric phase manipulation may not affect perceived exertion or movement mechanics.

GLP-1RA users had a lower risk of dementia (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50-0.81) compared to other antidiabetic drug users.

Practitioners may consider GLP-1RAs as a treatment option for reducing dementia risk in this population.

The placebo group did not respond to the overreaching phase despite optimal protein and leucine intake.

Even with adequate protein intake, some individuals may not respond to increased training volume.

Increasing saturated fat intake was not associated with CVD or mortality and instead correlated with lower rates of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.

Practitioners may reconsider the role of saturated fat in CVD risk and its potential benefits for metabolic health.

Pea protein supplementation had an intermediate, non-significant effect on muscle damage biomarkers compared to water.

Pea protein may offer some benefits for muscle recovery, but less effectively than whey protein.

Pre-exhaustion does not alter the neuromuscular activity of the target muscle in multi-joint exercise.

Practitioners should note that pre-exhaustion does not change muscle activation patterns.

Bariatric surgery performed in patients with obesity and end-stage liver disease waiting for liver transplantation is associated with a 5% major post-bariatric surgery complications rate and a 7% 1-year post-liver transplantation mortality.

Bariatric surgery can be considered for patients with obesity awaiting liver transplantation, with a relatively low complication and mortality rate.

The screening criteria for sarcopenic obesity include BMI, waist circumference, calf circumference, the SARC-F, and the Finger Ring test.

These criteria can guide practitioners in screening for sarcopenic obesity.

Benefits of the intervention were not evident for those entering the trial with a history of cardiovascular disease.

Practitioners should consider individual health histories when recommending lifestyle interventions.

Consumption of both dietary plant and animal protein was not related to the risk of total CHD and HTN.

Neither plant nor animal protein intake is linked to increased risk of CHD or HTN.

The risk of CHD and HTN did not change significantly with increasing dietary total protein intake from 10% to 25% of total calorie intake.

Increasing total protein intake within this range does not affect CHD or HTN risk.