Browse the evidence

High glycemic load (GL) is associated with greater coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 for the highest vs. lowest quintile and HR of 1.18 per 50 g/day of GL intake.

Practitioners should consider the impact of high glycemic load foods on heart disease risk.

High available carbohydrate intake is associated with greater CHD risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.11 per 50 g/day.

High carbohydrate diets may increase the risk of coronary heart disease.

High sugar intake is associated with greater CHD risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.09 per 50 g/day.

Reducing sugar intake may help lower the risk of coronary heart disease.

Exercise training increases citrate synthase maximal activity and reduces muscle glycogenolysis during exercise.

Exercise training can enhance metabolic efficiency by improving enzyme activity and reducing reliance on glycogen during exercise.

For trials with mean baseline BMI <25, LDL cholesterol increased by 41 mg/dL on a low-carbohydrate diet.

Practitioners should be aware that low-carbohydrate diets may significantly raise LDL cholesterol in individuals with low BMI.

GLP-1 RA use was associated with lower medication use (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.46-0.61; P < .001).

GLP-1 RAs may reduce the need for other medications in IIH management.

GLP-1 RA therapy is associated with significant reductions in procedural interventions (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30-0.63; P < .001).

GLP-1 RAs may reduce the need for surgical or other procedural interventions in IIH management.

High total carbohydrate intake is associated with high CVD morbidity (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.13).

Limiting carbohydrate intake may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

High total fat intake is associated with a decreased all-cause mortality risk (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99).

Incorporating healthy fats into the diet may lower the risk of all-cause mortality.

Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective long-term treatment for morbid obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Practitioners should consider bariatric surgery as a primary treatment option for patients with morbid obesity and type-2 diabetes.

Moderate increases in physical activity following weight loss may elevate energy flux and improve appetite regulation.

Encouraging moderate physical activity can help clients manage their appetite and maintain weight loss.

Insulin resistance is associated with inactivity, ageing, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors.

Recognizing these factors can help in developing prevention strategies for insulin resistance.

>10% weight loss is associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.87-4.09) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

>10% weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes may indicate a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality.

Unintentional weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes may be a warning sign of poor health.

Practitioners should investigate unintentional weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes for potential health issues.

Changes in HbA1c were related significantly to changes in weight, but not to changes in REM-AHI and NREM-AHI.

Weight management is crucial for improving glycaemic control in this population.

Masters triathletes tended to produce a slower cycling time trial performance (-3.0%) compared to younger triathletes (-1.4%) at 10 hours post-run.

Masters athletes may experience slower recovery in cycling performance after intense training.

Chronic nutritional carbohydrate overload has disruptive metabolic effects and detrimental health consequences.

Reducing carbohydrate intake may improve metabolic health.

Intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, exercise, and ketogenic diet have positive metabolic effects through modulation of redox homeostasis.

Incorporating these practices may enhance metabolic health and longevity.

Fatty acid metabolism is a key pathway modified by weight loss that predicts body weight maintenance 18 months after intended weight loss.

Practitioners should consider the role of fatty acid metabolism in developing weight maintenance strategies.

Variability of key enzymes in fatty acid metabolism and specific serum acylcarnitine species predict body weight maintenance.

Monitoring enzyme variability and acylcarnitine levels may help identify individuals at risk of weight regain.

Adaptation of lipid utilization in response to negative energy balance contributes to subsequent weight maintenance.

Understanding lipid utilization can inform strategies for effective weight maintenance post-weight loss.

Tai Chi exercise therapy significantly decreases triglyceride (TG) levels by an average of 0.23 mmol/L and increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels by an average of 0.15 mmol/L in patients with T2DM.

Tai Chi can be recommended to improve lipid profiles in T2DM patients.

Individuals with a low fat-to-carbohydrate oxidation ratio are more prone to develop obesity.

Understanding oxidation ratios can help identify individuals at higher risk for obesity.

Women showed a higher relative increase in average training load than men during the first 8 weeks of resistance training (+43.6% vs. +32.5%).

Practitioners should consider gender differences when designing resistance training programs for hypertrophy.