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Individuals with insulin resistance (IR) have higher levels of de novo lipogenesis fatty acids (16:0: 22.9% vs 21.7% and 16:1n7: 1.8% vs 1.3%) and lower levels of omega-6 fatty acids (18:2n6: 30.8% vs 32.5%) compared to insulin sensitive (IS) individuals.

Practitioners should consider fatty acid profiles when assessing insulin resistance in overweight individuals.

Physiological adaptation from a low- to high-carbohydrate diet may require many weeks.

Practitioners should consider the time required for metabolic adaptation when advising dietary transitions.

Over 700 million people worldwide suffer from obesity, which is directly or indirectly responsible for about 7% of all deaths.

Healthcare practitioners should recognize the widespread impact of obesity on public health.

Bariatric surgery is recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in extreme cases.

Consider bariatric surgery for patients with severe diabetes who do not respond to other treatments.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is very common in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the high prevalence of MASLD in their diabetic patients.

THDBH120 is a novel long-acting dual GIPR/GLP-1R agonist that has superior weight loss and metabolic improvement effects in rodents and mammals.

THDBH120 may be a promising treatment option for obesity and metabolic disorders.

Perturbation of gut-brain-pancreas communication contributes to metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Recognizing these perturbations can guide therapeutic approaches for metabolic disorders.

The presence of metabolic abnormalities doubles event rates associated with obesity, with risk increasing with the number of metabolic abnormalities present.

Practitioners should consider the presence of metabolic abnormalities when assessing the risks of obesity in patients.

Metabolic parameters such as glycaemic, blood pressure, and lipid levels return to baseline within approximately 12 months after discontinuation.

Healthcare providers should monitor metabolic parameters closely after discontinuation of GLP-1RA therapy.

At 2.5 years, White individuals experienced significantly greater body weight loss than Black individuals: −7.1% versus −4.9%.

Practitioners should be aware of racial differences in weight loss outcomes when prescribing GLP-1RA therapy.

White individuals had significantly larger reductions in estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, and HbA1c compared to Black individuals.

Healthcare providers should consider these differences in clinical outcomes when treating patients with GLP-1RA.

Emerging single-anastomosis variants demonstrate promising efficacy and improved gastrointestinal profiles.

Clinicians should consider these emerging techniques for patients seeking bariatric surgery.

There was no significant effect of either whey or soy protein supplementation on lean body mass (LBM).

Practitioners should note that protein supplementation may not significantly increase lean body mass.

A high protein diet (PRO) had a limited benefit on metabolic flexibility compared to a control diet (CON).

While a high protein diet is beneficial, its impact on metabolic flexibility may not be significant for older adults.

Protein supplementation during aerobic training did not significantly enhance cardiorespiratory fitness compared with an isocaloric placebo.

Practitioners should consider that protein supplementation may not provide additional benefits for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in stroke patients undergoing aerobic training.

There was no significant relationship between body fat mass changes and daily protein intake.

Practitioners should note that increasing protein intake may not affect body fat loss in older women.

Insulin resistance in aging is a multisystem phenomenon reflecting declining metabolic adaptability rather than a simple glucose disorder.

Practitioners should consider insulin resistance as a complex, systemic issue in older patients, not just a glucose management problem.

Predisposing risk factors for antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) include lack of prior AP exposure, sex, and age.

Clinicians should consider these risk factors when prescribing antipsychotics.

A comprehensive redefinition of obesity in Asian Indians is needed beyond BMI criteria.

Practitioners should consider factors beyond BMI when diagnosing obesity in Asian Indians.

The refined framework aims to enhance precision in identifying obesity and its health risks.

Practitioners can use this framework to better assess obesity-related health risks.

Patients with incident heart failure had 5.6% higher serum branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) than those without heart failure (median 639.3 vs 605.2 μmol/L; P = .01).

Higher levels of BCAAs may indicate an increased risk of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Serum BCAAs had a positive linear association with incident heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22 per-SD increase).

Monitoring BCAA levels may help assess heart failure risk in type 2 diabetes patients.

Circulating levels of BCAAs are independently associated with incident heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Understanding BCAA levels could be crucial for managing heart failure risk in type 2 diabetes patients.

Short term dietary trials are highly susceptible to bias due to physiological adaptation to major changes in nutrients.

Practitioners should be aware that results from short-term dietary trials may be influenced by the time it takes for physiological changes to occur.