Browse the evidence

Hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis are present in children and adults with obesity.

Practitioners should consider hypothalamic inflammation as a factor in obesity management.

There are existing knowledge gaps in the molecular adaptations to exercise that warrant continued research effort.

Researchers should focus on addressing these knowledge gaps to advance the field.

There were no cases of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents.

While there is an increased risk of residual gastric content, the absence of pulmonary aspiration suggests a level of safety in this context.

Lifestyle interventions were not superior to usual care in reducing cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.79-1.23).

Practitioners should consider that lifestyle interventions may not significantly impact cardiovascular mortality in this population.

Lifestyle interventions were not superior to usual care in reducing all-cause mortality (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.85-1.03).

Practitioners should note that lifestyle interventions may not significantly affect all-cause mortality in this population.

Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses showed no influence of various factors on mortality outcomes.

Practitioners should be aware that various factors did not affect the mortality outcomes in this study.

In the intensive lifestyle intervention group, higher variability of BMI is not associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular deaths, or cardiovascular events.

Intensive lifestyle interventions may mitigate the risks associated with BMI variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Higher plasma concentrations of TMAO are associated with a 30% increased risk of death from any cause among older adults.

Practitioners should consider monitoring TMAO levels in older adults as a potential risk factor for mortality.

Choline is associated with a 19% increased risk of death from any cause among older adults.

Monitoring choline levels may also be relevant for assessing mortality risk in older adults.

Carnitine and butyrobetaine are each associated with a 26% increased risk of death from any cause among older adults.

Practitioners should be aware of the potential risks associated with elevated levels of carnitine and butyrobetaine in older adults.

GLP-1 receptor agonist use was not associated with an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration compared to SGLT-2 inhibitor use.

Practitioners can consider GLP-1 receptor agonists safe regarding pulmonary aspiration risk before endoscopy.

No increased risk of pulmonary aspiration was observed among adults with type 2 diabetes using GLP-1 receptor agonists compared to SGLT-2 inhibitors.

This finding may influence preprocedural protocols for endoscopy in patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists.

There were no significant changes in HbA1c between year 1 and year 4 for all bMVPA timing groups.

Practitioners should be aware that initial improvements in glycemic control may not persist long-term.

Tirzepatide and semaglutide are not cost-effective at current net prices, requiring significant discounts to meet cost-effectiveness thresholds.

Healthcare providers should consider the cost-effectiveness of these medications when making treatment decisions.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.

Healthcare practitioners should prioritize addressing CVD in their practice.

There is no consensus definition for 'failure' in resistance training literature.

Practitioners should be aware of the lack of standardization in training definitions when interpreting research.

Reduced microbial diversity in the gut is implicated in several gastrointestinal diseases and cancers.

Maintaining gut microbiome diversity may be crucial for preventing gastrointestinal diseases.

Preoperative use of GLP-1 receptor agonists is not significantly associated with the odds of postoperative aspiration pneumonia.

Clinicians may reconsider the necessity of withholding GLP-1 RAs preoperatively based on these findings.

Patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists are more likely to be female and diagnosed with both obesity and diabetes compared to nonusers.

Understanding the demographics of GLP-1 RA users can inform targeted interventions and education.

Use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) is associated with an increased incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.07 (95% CI, 1.03-1.11).

Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of DR when prescribing GLP-1 RAs to patients with T2D.

GLP-1 RAs are not associated with progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97-1.15) or diabetic macular edema (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.01) in patients with preexisting DR.

Patients with preexisting DR may not experience worsening of certain complications when treated with GLP-1 RAs.

There is a need for more research on the anabolic potential of non-animal-derived protein sources.

More research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of non-animal protein sources for muscle health.

INV-202 was well tolerated with no serious or severe treatment-emergent adverse events.

INV-202 appears to be a safe option for individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Higher sustained pharmacy costs were the main driver of the cost difference favoring MBS over GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Healthcare providers should consider ongoing medication costs when recommending obesity treatments.