Browse the evidence

Responders to the PF regimen exhibited enhanced metabolic flexibility compared to non-responders.

Personalized dietary interventions may enhance metabolic flexibility in patients with T2D.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists consistently reduce three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with overweight, obesity, and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) with and without diabetes.

Practitioners can consider glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists as effective treatments for reducing cardiovascular events in eligible patients.

Semaglutide and tirzepatide improve symptoms and functional capacity in obesity-related heart failure of preserved ejection fraction and reduce worsening heart failure events.

Practitioners can use semaglutide and tirzepatide to improve heart failure symptoms in patients with obesity.

Metabolic bariatric surgery is associated with durable weight loss and lower observed rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure, and all-cause mortality compared with non-surgical care.

Practitioners can consider metabolic bariatric surgery as an effective option for achieving weight loss and reducing cardiovascular risks.

Stroke is inversely associated with fat intake from supplements and PUFA intake from diet.

Increasing intake of specific fats, particularly PUFA, may help in stroke prevention.

The incidence of using hypoglycemic drugs was 36.15% in the plate model compared to 75.54% in the low-fat model (P<0.001).

Implementing the plate model may significantly reduce the need for hypoglycemic medications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.

A median SPAN score (52.8) was associated with a 41% lower risk of MACE (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.70).

Practitioners should aim for a balanced SPAN score to lower cardiovascular event risk.

For the low-fat diet, income, leptin, education, low-density lipoprotein, and dietary adherence at baseline are significant predictors of weight loss success.

Practitioners should assess these factors when advising on low-fat diets.

Higher consumption of animal-based foods may mitigate the risk of elevated TyG among women.

Encouraging a balanced intake of animal-based foods may be beneficial for women at risk of elevated TyG.

This paper conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of SIT/HIIT versus MICT on measures of body composition.

The findings may help practitioners understand the comparative effects of different training modalities on body composition.

The quality of lipids improved in women and among individuals reporting some away-from-home food consumption.

Practitioners should note that lipid quality may improve with certain consumption patterns, particularly in women.

Both groups improved strength over time with no significant difference between treatments.

Both eccentric tempos can be effective for strength gains, providing flexibility in training design.

Weight gain during pregnancy was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group, with a reduction of 21%.

Resistance training may help limit excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

Fetal macrosomia incidence was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group, from 13.19 ± 3.9 to 4.32 ± 1.2 (p=0.001).

Implementing resistance training may reduce the risk of macrosomia in newborns.

High anabolic responders (HI) showed greater citrate synthase activity compared to low anabolic responders (LO) after 12 weeks of resistance exercise training (RET) with a significant main effect (HI>LO, p=0.018).

Practitioners should consider that individuals who respond better to resistance training may have enhanced mitochondrial function.

Myozenin-1 protein levels were up-regulated in the low anabolic responders (LO) after 12 weeks of RET.

This suggests that myozenin-1 could be a potential biomarker for assessing anabolic responses to resistance training.

Men performed a higher weekly sets volume (WSV) for upper body muscles than women (47.2±14.6 vs. 18.2±7.4 sets).

Trainers should consider gender differences when designing upper body training programs.

Women performed a higher WSV for lower body muscle groups than men (23.8±11.2 vs. 11.5±7.0 sets).

Trainers should consider gender differences when designing lower body training programs.

The weekly sets volume performed by subjects of both genders is disproportionate between different muscle groups.

Practitioners should ensure balanced training volume across different muscle groups.

Participants in the VR program reported a high level of enjoyment.

High enjoyment in VR programs may encourage sustained participation in fitness activities.

Higher doses of caffeine (8 mg • kg -1) increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels compared to lower doses and placebo.

Higher caffeine doses may lead to increased metabolic stress, which could be beneficial for certain training adaptations.

An 8 mg • kg -1 dosage of caffeine increases uric acid levels compared to placebo.

Practitioners should be aware that higher caffeine intake may elevate uric acid levels, which could have implications for certain individuals.

A lower training age (TA) is related to increased difficulty of repetitions in reserve (RIR) assessment when 3 or more RIR exist.

Trainers should consider the training age of individuals when assessing perceived exertion during resistance training.

Greater chronological age (CA) is associated with more accurately assessing RIR closer to failure.

Older trainees may have an advantage in accurately gauging their exertion levels during training.