Browse the evidence

Bariatric surgery (gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, duodenal switch) is the most effective intervention for significant weight loss and metabolic benefits in severe obesity.

For severe obesity, bariatric surgery (like gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy) is the most effective way to achieve significant weight loss. It works by restricting stomach size and/or altering digestion. It also improves metabolic health. Recovery is faster with modern laparoscopic techniques.

Semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly is a highly effective treatment for obesity, leading to an average 14.9% body weight loss in nondiabetic adults over 68 weeks, and reduces major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with obesity without diabetes.

Semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly is a powerful treatment for obesity. In clinical trials, it helped people lose nearly 15% of their body weight. It also reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events in people with obesity but no diabetes. Discuss with your doctor if this once-weekly injection is right for you.

Calorie restriction (CR) results in a significant decrease in body weight of -7.5±0.4 kg compared to a control group with a change of 0.1±0.5 kg after 24 months.

Practitioners can consider CR as an effective method for weight loss in non-obese adults.

Calorie restriction leads to a significant decrease in fat mass (FM) of -5.3±0.3 kg compared to a control group with a change of 0.4±0.4 kg after 24 months.

Practitioners can utilize CR to effectively reduce fat mass in non-obese adults.

If you expend more calories than you consume, you will lose weight.

Weight loss strategies should emphasize calorie expenditure.

Older individuals should ingest at least 1.2 g of protein/kg/day to offset muscle atrophy.

Ensure older clients meet protein intake recommendations to support muscle maintenance.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is set at 0.8 g protein.kg-1.d-1 for individuals aged 19 years and older.

Nutritionists should use the RDA as a baseline for protein recommendations for adults.

In patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors with demonstrated cardiovascular benefit are recommended when glycemic goals are not achieved with metformin.

Practitioners should consider GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes who have cardiovascular disease and are not meeting glycemic targets with metformin.

Athletes aiming to reduce fat mass and preserve FFM should consume protein intakes in the range of ∼1.8-2.7 g kg(-1) d(-1).

Athletes should aim for specific protein intake levels to optimize body composition.

Traditional heavy resistance exercise training increases maximal strength.

Practitioners should incorporate traditional heavy resistance training to enhance maximal strength.

A minimum daily protein intake of ≥1.6 g/kg is necessary to observe significant improvements in muscle mass from whey protein supplementation.

Athletes should ensure their total protein intake meets or exceeds 1.6 g/kg for optimal muscle gain.

Increasing physical activity is one of the most effective strategies for preventing and managing type-2 diabetes.

Promoting physical activity should be a priority in diabetes care.

Total energy intake is the most important factor in dietary interventions for weight loss.

Practitioners should prioritize managing total energy intake in dietary interventions.

Metabolic and bariatric surgeries are the most effective strategy for significant weight loss in people living with severe obesity.

This reinforces the importance of considering surgical options for significant weight loss in severely obese patients.

Weight loss (bariatric) surgery is recommended for patients with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or higher and for those with a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or greater with at least 1 obesity-related comorbidity.

Practitioners should consider bariatric surgery for eligible patients based on BMI and comorbidities.

Get at least 1 hour each day of physical activity.

Practitioners should encourage clients to engage in at least 1 hour of physical activity daily.

Lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications and increased physical activity, are essential for obesity management.

Practitioners should incorporate lifestyle changes into obesity treatment plans.

For the treatment of obesity, a negative energy balance is crucial.

Weight loss strategies should focus on achieving a negative energy balance.

Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) is the most effective intervention for achieving significant and sustained weight loss, with mean excess weight loss (EWL) of 53% for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and 63% for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) over 5 years.

Practitioners should consider BMS as a primary option for patients needing significant weight loss.

Most athletes ideally need 1.2 to 2.0 grams/kg of body weight/day of protein, preferably split across 3-4 meals.

Athletes should aim for a specific protein intake range to enhance muscle synthesis and recovery.

Progressive overload is required to keep adapting to training and improving fitness.

Practitioners should implement progressive overload in training regimens.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective long-term treatment for obesity, with an average weight loss of 30-40%.

Bariatric surgery should be considered for eligible patients as a highly effective long-term weight loss solution.

Caloric restriction leads to a significant decrease in body weight in the short term.

Practitioners should consider caloric restriction as an effective short-term strategy for weight loss.

The diet plan is a critical factor for weight loss in obese individuals.

Emphasize dietary changes alongside exercise in weight reduction programs.