Browse the evidence

Athletes should consume protein in close temporal proximity to exercise to maximize muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and hypertrophy.

Athletes should prioritize protein intake immediately after workouts to enhance muscle recovery and growth.

A higher overall daily protein intake of 1.4-1.6 g/kg/d is recommended for the maintenance and building of muscle mass.

Individuals should aim for a daily protein intake of 1.4-1.6 g/kg to support muscle health.

Rapidly digested proteins with high proportions of essential amino acids (EAA), particularly leucine, are more effective in stimulating muscle protein synthesis (MPS).

Choose rapidly digested proteins rich in leucine to enhance muscle recovery and growth.

The ST group exhibited superior increases in leg press 1 repetition maximum (1RM) strength of -14 kg (95 % CI (-23, -5)).

Traditional strength training is more effective for increasing maximal strength compared to lighter load training.

The LLHR group showed greater strength endurance increases (65 % 1RM) of 8 repetitions (95 % CI (2, 14)).

Lighter load training can effectively improve strength endurance in middle and older adults.

Metabolic surgery results in substantial and sustained weight loss, improvements in comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, and reduced mortality, and it is cost-effective.

Practitioners should consider metabolic surgery for patients with severe obesity and related comorbidities.

Semaglutid is approved in Germany for the treatment of obesity in adults with a BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2 or ≥ 27 kg/m2 with weight-related comorbidities.

Practitioners can consider Semaglutid as a treatment option for eligible patients with obesity.

Weight loss under Semaglutid therapy can be comparable to bariatric surgical intervention.

Semaglutid may be a viable alternative for patients who are not candidates for surgery.

Semaglutide reduces percentage body weight by a mean difference of -10.73 (95% CI -12.24 to -9.21) at medium-term follow-up.

Semaglutide can be an effective treatment option for weight loss in adults with obesity.

Semaglutide increases the proportion of people achieving 5% weight loss with a risk ratio of 2.68 (95% CI 2.30 to 3.12) at medium-term follow-up.

Semaglutide may significantly help adults with obesity achieve clinically relevant weight loss.

Tirzepatide achieved up to 20.9% weight loss over 72 weeks in non-diabetic obese individuals.

Tirzepatide can be considered an effective option for weight management in non-diabetic obese patients.

Tirzepatide significantly reduces body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.

Tirzepatide may improve overall cardiometabolic health in non-diabetic obese patients.

GLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with greater reductions in body weight compared to lifestyle interventions and previous medications.

GLP-1 RAs may be a more effective option for weight loss compared to traditional lifestyle changes.

Discontinuation of GLP-1 receptor agonists can lead to rapid weight regain and loss of cardiometabolic benefits.

Maintaining adherence to GLP-1 RA therapy is crucial for sustained weight loss and health benefits.

Kraft- bzw. Hypertrophietraining kann Muskelatrophie entgegenwirken.

Practitioners should incorporate strength training to prevent muscle loss.

Regelmäßige progressive und erschöpfende Belastungsreize sind entscheidend für Hypertrophietraining.

Training programs should include varied and progressive overload to maximize hypertrophy.

Tirzepatide (TZP) reduces HbA1c levels by −2.1% compared to insulin lispro U100 added to basal insulin.

TZP may be a more effective treatment option for lowering HbA1c in patients with T2D compared to insulin lispro.

Tirzepatide induces significant weight loss: 7.5 kg (5 mg/week), 11 kg (10 mg/week), and 12 kg (15 mg/week) compared to placebo.

TZP can be considered for weight management in patients with T2D and obesity.

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is safe and effective in patients with a BMI of 27-30, with a mean total weight loss of 11.0% at 6 months and 15.5% at 12 months.

Practitioners can consider ESG as a viable option for overweight patients seeking weight loss.

Liraglutide (3.0 mg daily) and semaglutide (2.4 mg weekly) are FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight management.

Practitioners can consider liraglutide and semaglutide as viable options for patients needing weight management.

A sustained weight loss of 3–5% is likely to result in clinically meaningful reductions in triglycerides, blood glucose, and A1C.

Practitioners should aim for a 3-5% weight loss in patients to improve metabolic health.

Achieving more weight loss (∼10%) will reduce blood pressure, improve LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, and reduce the need for medications required to control cardiometabolic risk.

Practitioners should encourage patients to aim for a 10% weight loss for enhanced cardiometabolic health.

An intensive lifestyle intervention can achieve a 5–10% weight loss and improve sleep apnea quality-of-life indices, achieve cardiometabolic biomarker improvements, and reduce need for medications.

Practitioners should consider intensive lifestyle interventions for diabetic patients to achieve significant health benefits.

Incretin-based therapies, including GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide, can improve quality of life, exercise tolerance, and markers of HF severity while promoting weight loss in patients with obesity and HFpEF.

Practitioners may consider incretin-based therapies as effective treatment options for improving health outcomes in patients with obesity-related HFpEF.